中国发展道路的贡献

2006年9月12日美国http://www·coun-terpunch·org网站刊登了依附理论的代表人物萨米尔·阿明题为《中国发展道路的贡献》一文。文章结合国际共运史和第三世界发展史,探讨了毛泽东开创的在落后国家成功赢得解放和发展的道路至今具有的巨大意义。文章主要内容如下。第二国际的马克思主义是以无产阶级和欧洲为中心的,它和当时主导性的意识形态具有相同的线性历史观:根据这种欧洲中心的线性历史观,所有的社会将不得不先经过资本主义阶段(这个阶段实际上和殖民主义直接相关,但是在第二国际的马克思主义看来,这也是有历史性的积极意义的),然后才…     

第二次世界大战中的苏联及法西斯的覆灭

在苏维埃政权建立的最初20年里，社会主义制度牢固地在苏联建立起来。苏联人民为自己祖国取得的伟大胜利而感到无比地自豪。国民经济的高速发展与人民生活水平的不断改善和提高，更加激励着苏联人民努力地工作。1941年2月22日，苏联国家计划委员会制定了“发展下一个十五年苏联经济”计划，之后，国家上下都为这一计划的早日实现而不懈奋斗着。谁知，四个月后，即同年6月22日，苏联人民的和平生活因遭到极其虚伪的纳粹德国的进攻而被打破。德国侵略者统治世界的野心营谋已久。早在1933年希特勒掌握纳粹政权时就已暴露出来，在不长的时间内，…     

China Revisited

It was in November 1975 that Iwas posted to the People's Re-public of China as Tanzanian Am-bassador Extraordinary and Pleni-potentiary. I served in China fornine years. During that period Ivisited many places in all the prov-inces except Tibet and Taiwan.China was coming to the end of     

Comprehensively Advance Reform of the Urban Housing System Opinion. [Summary 1991

On 31 December 1991, the Chinese State Council Housing System Reform Leading Group announced this Opinion, setting out targets, principles, and policies for the reform of the system of provisional housing in urban areas. Section 1 of the Opinion provides that the long-term goal of reform is to convert the distribution of housing from a system based on welfare allocation to one based on commodity exchange either by purchase or rental. Section 2 sets the following targets for reform: a) within the period of the Eighth Five-Year Plan, the system will be converted from one of low rent to one in which the calculation of rent will be based on cost of upkeep, administration costs, and depreciation; b) by 2000, the calculation of rent will be based on the above factors, as well as interest on investment and property taxes; and c) in the long term, the calculation of rent will be based on all of the above factors, as well as land rent, insurance premiums, and profit. Section 4 deals with policies for managing various problems such as rent increases and subsidies, sales of housing, financing for housing, the system of investment in and construction of housing, and administration of housing. This Section provides that a three-level housing investment fund based on municipalities, work units, and individuals will be established.     

Danger: implants

The superheated debate over breast implants awakened a sleeping giant of an issue clouding "medical devices"--the government's clumsy nomenclature for any medical product that is not a drug, from breast implants and artificial hips to X-ray machines and surgical thread. Some 130 categories of high-risk devices are in use with little or no proof of safety, reliability or effectiveness. All appeared before 1976, the year that the Food and Drug Administration got the authority to regulate such products. Under activist chief David Kessler and with added clout from a 1990 law, the FDA plans to scrutinize the entire 130-item list. Five will get special attention starting early next year: saline-filled breast implants, inflatable penile implants, testicular implants, heart-bypass pumps and cranial stimulators. U.S. News has looked at all five devices, using FDA data obtained through the Freedom of Information Act. In-depth computer analysis suggested that penile implants deserve closer examination. Why is clear from the following report.