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981.
Gilles Gavaudan M.D. David Magalon M.D. Julien Cohen M.D. Christophe Lançon M.D. Ph.D Georges Léonetti M.D. Ph.D Anne‐Laure Pélissier‐Alicot M.D. Ph.D. 《Journal of forensic sciences》2010,55(6):1659-1662
Abstract: Pathological gambling (PG), classified in the DSM‐IV among impulse control disorders, is defined as inappropriate, persistent gaming for money with serious personal, family, and social consequences. Offenses are frequently committed to obtain money for gambling. Pathological gambling, a planned and structured behavioral disorder, has often been described as a complication of dopamine agonist treatment in patients with Parkinson’s disease. It has never been described in patients with schizophrenia receiving dopamine agonists. We present two patients with schizophrenia, previously treated with antipsychotic drugs without any suggestion of PG, who a short time after starting aripiprazole, a dopamine partial agonist, developed PG and criminal behavior, which totally resolved when aripiprazole was discontinued. Based on recent advances in research on PG and adverse drug reactions to dopamine agonists in Parkinson’s disease, we postulate a link between aripiprazole and PG in both our patients with schizophrenia and raise the question of criminal responsibility. 相似文献
982.
Eitle D 《Journal of criminal justice》2010,38(6):429-1121
Purpose
Despite the surge in scholarly activity investigating the criminal career, relatively less attention has been devoted to the issue of criminal desistance versus persistence (until recently). The present study contributed to our understanding of this process by exploring the suitability of General Strain Theory (GST) for predicting changes in criminal activity across time.Methods
Data from a longitudinal study of males in South Florida are examined using robust regression analyses.Results
The core GST relationship, that changes in strain should predict changes in criminal activity, was supported, even after controlling for important adult social roles such as marriage, labor force participation, and education. While no support for the proposition that changes in self-esteem and social support moderate the strain-criminal desistance association was evinced, evidence was found that angry disposition, a measure of negative emotionality, moderated the association between change in chronic stressors and change in criminal activity.Conclusions
While exploratory in nature, these findings demonstrate the utility of employing GST principles in studies of criminal desistance. 相似文献983.
This study examined associations between physical, psychological, and sexual intimate partner aggression (IPA) perpetration
during the first year of marriage (T1) and victim marital satisfaction one (T2) and two (T3) years later among a sample of
202 newlywed couples. Prevalence rates of all forms of IPA were consistent with those documented in prior research. Higher
levels of all types of IPA generally were associated with lower victim marital satisfaction at all time points, when controlling
for initial levels of satisfaction. Couples who reported severe bidirectional psychological IPA demonstrated lower husband
and wife marital satisfaction at T2 and lower husband satisfaction at T3 than couples who reported husband-only, wife-only,
or no psychological IPA. Analyses examining the relative predictive abilities of all forms of IPA perpetration showed that
psychological IPA was the most consistent unique contributor of victim marital satisfaction. Study findings highlight the
importance of psychological IPA, in addition to physical IPA, in examinations of correlates of marital satisfaction. 相似文献
984.
Lisa M. Perez Jeremy Jones David R. Englert Daniel Sachau 《Journal of Police and Criminal Psychology》2010,25(2):113-124
This study examines the psychological impact of viewing disturbing media on investigators engaged in computer forensics work.
Twenty-eight federal law enforcement personnel who investigate Internet child pornography cases completed measures of secondary
traumatic stress disorder (STSD) and burnout. Substantial percentages of investigators reported poor psychological well-being.
Greater exposure to disturbing media was related to higher levels of STSD and cynicism. STSD and burnout scores were related
to increased protectiveness of family, reliance on co-workers, general distrust, and turnover intentions. On a positive note,
investigators scored high in professional efficacy, indicating they feel their work makes a difference. Furthermore, personnel
with supportive relationships scored lower on both STSD and burnout. 相似文献
985.
Anthony A. Braga Andrew V. Papachristos David M. Hureau 《Journal of Quantitative Criminology》2010,26(1):33-53
Boston, like many other major U.S. cities, experienced an epidemic of gun violence during the late 1980s and early 1990s that
was followed by a sudden large downturn in gun violence in the mid 1990s. The gun violence drop continued until the early
part of the new millennium. Recent advances in criminological research suggest that there is significant clustering of crime
in micro places, or “hot spots,” that generate a disproportionate amount of criminal events in a city. In this paper, we use
growth curve regression models to uncover distinctive developmental trends in gun assault incidents at street segments and
intersections in Boston over a 29-year period. We find that Boston gun violence is intensely concentrated at a small number
of street segments and intersections rather than spread evenly across the urban landscape between 1980 and 2008. Gun violence
trends at these high-activity micro places follow two general trajectories: stable concentrations of gun assaults incidents
over time and volatile concentrations of gun assault incidents over time. Micro places with volatile trajectories represent
less than 3% of street segments and intersections, generate more than half of all gun violence incidents, and seem to be the
primary drivers of overall gun violence trends in Boston. Our findings suggest that the urban gun violence epidemic, and sudden
downturn in urban gun violence in the late 1990s, may be best understood by examining highly volatile micro-level trends at
a relatively small number of places in urban environments. 相似文献
986.
David F. Greenberg 《Journal of Quantitative Criminology》2010,26(4):437-443
987.
This case note examines the implications of the House of Lords decision to order the DPP to issue offence specific guidelines allowing those contemplating assisting terminally ill persons to commit suicide to know the risk they face of prosecution under section 2(1) of the Suicide Act 1961. On the assumption that these guidelines will be law, and binding upon the DPP as well as the CPS, does this represent a change in the law, or a situation in which it may be unlawful to enforce the law, or even generate a legal right of disobedience to law? 相似文献
988.
Douglas Mossman Michael D. Bowen David J. Vanness David Bienenfeld Terry Correll Jerald Kay William M. Klykylo Douglas S. Lehrer 《Law and human behavior》2010,34(5):402-417
This study asked whether latent class modeling methods and multiple ratings of the same cases might permit quantification
of the accuracy of forensic assessments. Five evaluators examined 156 redacted court reports concerning criminal defendants
who had undergone hospitalization for evaluation or restoration of their adjudicative competence. Evaluators rated each defendant’s
Dusky-defined competence to stand trial on a five-point scale as well as each defendant’s understanding of, appreciation of, and
reasoning about criminal proceedings. Having multiple ratings per defendant made it possible to estimate accuracy parameters
using maximum likelihood and Bayesian approaches, despite the absence of any “gold standard” for the defendants’ true competence
status. Evaluators appeared to be very accurate, though this finding should be viewed with caution. 相似文献
989.
We present a case from the Johannesburg General Hospital of a zone II low-velocity penetrating neck injury with involvement of the ipsilateral subclavian artery. When the "bullet" was retrieved, it was noted not to be an actual bullet but rather a cartridge casing. We speculate that this injury represents one of several possible misfiring scenarios from a homemade firearm. Injuries from homemade firearms are infrequent in the literature, and only one other similar case of a cartridge casing causing a penetrating injury was found. A brief review of homemade handheld firearms is offered. 相似文献
990.
Israel's enactment of national health insurance was clearly a breakthrough. However, other aspects of reform that were supposed to be implemented simultaneously were stymied, in particular, the conversion of government hospitals to independent trusts and removing the Ministry of Health from the direct provision of services such as mental health and long-term care. This article explores how punctuated equilibrium and path dependency coexist in the Israeli case. In doing so, it examines the relevance of concepts provided by various theories of social and institutional change. Aside from path dependency and punctuated equilibrium, we discuss other notions derived from related theories, such as political leadership and the role of ideas. Applying these theories to the Israeli case helps better understand the coexistence of punctuated equilibrium and path dependency. 相似文献