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51.
Serin RC Gobeil R Preston DL 《International journal of offender therapy and comparative criminology》2009,53(1):57-73
The treatment of violent offenders has evolved in recent years, shifting from interventions focused on anger management to those incorporating social information processing skills. The present study was a multimethod evaluation of one such program, the Persistently Violent Offender program. A total of 256 Canadian male violent offenders participated in the study; 70 Persistently Violent Offender program completers were compared to two control groups (n(1) = 33, n(2) = 105) who completed an alternate program and to 48 offenders who failed to complete either program. Results demonstrate few differences among groups in terms of changes on measures of treatment targets, involvement in institutional misconducts, and postrelease returns to custody, thus demonstrating that the Persistently Violent Offender program was superior to neither the alternate program nor program noncompletion. These results are discussed in light of the findings from two more promising recent evaluations of similar programs. 相似文献
52.
Amanda Brown Cross Denise C. Gottfredson Denise M. Wilson Melissa Rorie Nadine Connell 《犯罪学与公共政策》2009,8(2):391-412
Research Summary Unsupervised after‐school time for adolescents is a concern for parents and policymakers alike. Evidence linking unsupervised adolescent socializing to problem behavior outcomes heightens this concern among criminologists. Routine activities theory suggests that, when youth peer groups congregate away from adult authority, both opportunity for and motivation to engage in deviant acts increase. After‐school programs are a possible solution to unsupervised teen socializing during afternoon hours and are much in demand. However, empirical research has yet to test the relationship between the availability of after‐school programs and youth routine activities. This study presents evidence from a multisite, randomized, controlled trial of an after‐school program for middle‐school students in an urban school district. Policy Implications Youth in the treatment group engaged in less unsupervised socializing after school than youth in the control group but not as much less as would be expected if the after‐school program was providing consistent supervision to youth who would otherwise be unsupervised. Additional analyses examined why the influence of the after‐school program was not more pronounced. We found that, although program attendance was related to decreases in unsupervised socializing, the program did not attract many delinquency‐prone youths who were unsupervised, which suggests that the students most in need of the program did not benefit. Furthermore, data obtained from a mid‐year activity survey revealed that youth in the study were highly engaged in a variety of after‐school activities. The addition of the after‐school program into the mixture of available activities had little effect on the frequency with which students participated in organized activities after school. 相似文献
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Wendy Povitsky Stickle Nadine M. Connell Denise M. Wilson Denise Gottfredson 《Journal of Experimental Criminology》2008,4(2):137-163
Teen Court (TC) is a juvenile diversion program designed to prevent the formal processing of first-time juvenile offenders
within the juvenile justice system. TC instead utilizes informal processing and sanctions in order to prevent future offending.
Despite its widespread popularity throughout the United States of America, little rigorous research has been conducted on
the effectiveness of the TC model for reducing recidivism. Using an experimental design, this study examined the effectiveness
of TC in reducing recidivism and improving the attitudes and opinions of juvenile offenders in comparison with a control group
of youth who were formally processed. Self-reported delinquency was higher for those youth who participated in TC. TC youth
were also found to have significantly lower scores on a scale of belief in conventional rules than had youth who were processed
in the Department of Juveniles Services. Implications of these findings are discussed.
Wendy Povitsky Stickle is a doctoral candidate at the University of Maryland Department of Criminology and Criminal Justice. Her research interests include juvenile delinquency and delinquency prevention. Currently, Stickle is examining the effects of co-offending on trajectories of offending and is investigating the risk factors associated with weapon carrying in schools. Nadine M. Connell is an assistant professor at Rowan University in the Department of Law and Justice Studies. Her research interests include program and policy evaluation, the social dynamics of group behavior, and capital punishment. Connell has worked with the Capital Jury Project as well as several juvenile delinquency prevention initiatives. She is currently involved in an evaluation of the efficacy of school based programs on student bullying and adolescent ATOD use in the state of New Jersey. Denise M. Wilson is a Ph.D. graduate student at the University of Maryland Department of Criminology and Criminal Justice. Her research interests include juvenile delinquency, prevention and corrections. She is currently working on data analysis of a randomized experiment testing the effects of after-school programs on adolescent development. Denise C. Gottfredson is a professor at the University of Maryland Department of Criminal Justice and Criminology. Her research interests include delinquency and delinquency prevention, and particularly the effects of school environments on youth behavior. Gottfredson has conducted randomized experiments to test the effectiveness of the Baltimore City Drug Treatment Court, the Strengthening Families Program, and is currently directing a randomized trial of the effects of after school programs on the development of problem behavior. 相似文献
Wendy Povitsky StickleEmail: |
Wendy Povitsky Stickle is a doctoral candidate at the University of Maryland Department of Criminology and Criminal Justice. Her research interests include juvenile delinquency and delinquency prevention. Currently, Stickle is examining the effects of co-offending on trajectories of offending and is investigating the risk factors associated with weapon carrying in schools. Nadine M. Connell is an assistant professor at Rowan University in the Department of Law and Justice Studies. Her research interests include program and policy evaluation, the social dynamics of group behavior, and capital punishment. Connell has worked with the Capital Jury Project as well as several juvenile delinquency prevention initiatives. She is currently involved in an evaluation of the efficacy of school based programs on student bullying and adolescent ATOD use in the state of New Jersey. Denise M. Wilson is a Ph.D. graduate student at the University of Maryland Department of Criminology and Criminal Justice. Her research interests include juvenile delinquency, prevention and corrections. She is currently working on data analysis of a randomized experiment testing the effects of after-school programs on adolescent development. Denise C. Gottfredson is a professor at the University of Maryland Department of Criminal Justice and Criminology. Her research interests include delinquency and delinquency prevention, and particularly the effects of school environments on youth behavior. Gottfredson has conducted randomized experiments to test the effectiveness of the Baltimore City Drug Treatment Court, the Strengthening Families Program, and is currently directing a randomized trial of the effects of after school programs on the development of problem behavior. 相似文献
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The policy push in favour of fostering a global lingua franca has shed overtly imperialistic underpinnings and been recast, but many of the same objections can be levelled at new attempts to justify an old policy. Efforts to explain the impetus towards linguistic uniformity through rational choice theory obscure the power dynamics behind choice of language in multilingual contexts. Invoking democratic engagement as a benefit of uniformity overestimates the role of linguistic diversity as a drag on participation and ignores more important forces. A focus on equality of opportunity and social mobility through lingua franca competence as justification for the policy reveals a shallow conception of equality and underplays the long-term consequences for non-lingua franca communities were equality of opportunity for individuals to be taken seriously. Finally, seeing the justice issues that arise out of competition between languages as one of ensuring adequate compensation to the losers underscores how thin is the conception of equality animating the approach; it purchases an inadequate level of equal opportunity for individuals at the expense of inequality amongst language communities. 相似文献
59.
Stephen Humphreys 《The Modern law review》2012,75(4):475-510
The immense body of contemporary work aimed at ‘promoting the rule of law’ is often accused of ‘neo‐imperialism’. Yet, despite many points of contiguity between past and present legal interventions, the charge is overbroad and rarely illuminating. This article attempts to move beyond polemic to track concrete historical and structural forerunners of today's rule of law work. Focusing mainly (though not exclusively) on late imperial British endeavours, it traces colonial legal interventions over time, the techniques adopted (and rejected), the shifting normative bases of legitimacy, and moments of strategic recalibration in the face of resistance. Three broad attitudes towards law across the period are (provisionally) characterised as ‘regulative’, ‘constitutive’ and ‘institutive’ moments. In each phase, the Powers treat colonial territories as laboratories of statehood, within which experiments are conducted to locate the optimal configuration of law. In conclusion some counterparts to these moments in today's ‘rule of law’ activities are identified. 相似文献
60.
Stephen Humphreys 《The Modern law review》2023,86(1):85-121
The notion of ‘equity’ is undergoing conceptual repositioning in international law today, embracing individuals as well as states and gaining an association with human rights and the politics of protest. In the context of these developments, the present paper enquires into the premodern roots of this ancient and rich term through three historical vignettes: first, the emergence of aequitas in Roman law – as a source of law anchored in analogy and empathy – and in particular its relevance to the ambiguous status of slaves; second, the importance of ‘natural equity’ to the consolidation of ‘natural rights’ during the Franciscan poverty debate in 14th century Europe, and finally, ‘common equity’ in the rights-based constitutional order proposed by the Levellers in 1640s England. In its root sense, I conclude, what we might call ‘radical equity’ has historically lent itself to trenchant critique of the law, centred on the individual as subject of right. 相似文献