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91.
92.
The mental health patient release programs have been proceeding more rapidly than informed judgment could possibly warrant. Public sector mental health care, whether centralized in state hospitals or deconcentrated within residential communities, falls considerably below the standards and practices of private sector care. The accelerated release of former patients has strained the potential for therapeutic community placement. The massive reassignment of patients has been prompted by the goals of: providing for the civic and therapeutic rights of patients; providing knowledgeable and effective treatment; implementing cost savings; and integrating in-patients within a more aware and accepting inclusive society. The structural elements of the assignment process can be examined within the context of a reassignment model in order to identify the informational and program needs for a reasonable release and aftercare process. The present reliance upon salvage of the poorly conceived release programs through ghettoization of ex-patients can only be justified as a mechanism for forcing a wide range of communities to accept long overdue responsibility for their disabled members.Professor of Geography and Urban Planning, Princeton University. Grateful acknowledgement is made to the NIMH (METRO Division) for research support to the Regional Science Research Institute (Philadelphia, Pa.), to the Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences for fellowship support during the period this study was undertaken, and to Maurice Rappaport (Agnews State Hospital, Calif.), Harold Baker (Aftercare Services Division, Calif. Dept. of Health), Anthony Mumphrey, Daniel Garr (San Jose State University) and Montye Rivera (Home Care News, San Jose, Calif.) for their assistance in the conduct of this research. 相似文献
93.
Janet Warren Roland Reboussin Robert R. Hazelwood Andrea Cummings Natalie Gibbs Susan Trumbetta 《Journal of Quantitative Criminology》1998,14(1):35-59
This study, derived from a sample of 108 serial rapists (rapes=565), examines the relationship between demographic, crime scene, and criminal history variables and the distance traveled by serial rapists in order to offend. The pattern of offenses perpetrated by each of the 108 serial offenders as it relates to his place of residence is also analyzed in terms of known characteristics of the offender and his offenses. The theoretical focus of the study integrates premises derived from criminal investigative analysis, environmental criminology, ethnographic geography, journey to crime research, and criminal geographic targeting to explore the cognitive symmetry between the how and the where of serial sexual offenses. These components or dimensions of serial crime are explored in an attempt to aid law enforcement in their investigation of hard-to-solve serial crimes. 相似文献
94.
This article explores the context within which abortion law and discourse in Northern Ireland must be situated and understood,
relying in part on post-modern insights into the wider and long-term implications of feminists engaging law and by examining
the strategies employed in Northern Ireland around the issue of abortion. In 2001,the Family Planning Association (Northern
Ireland) took legal action to force the devolved government to defend at a procedural level the unequal and uncertain form
of common law abortion regulation for Northern Ireland. The authors examine the strategy of this review as well as the response
of the High Court, suggesting that while it may begin to challenge the legitimacy of abortion law, feminists and pro-choice
advocates must prepare for challenges beyond that, the greatest being the cultural challenge. The courts, legislators and
other public and political institutions(including the Northern Ireland Human Rights Commission and the Northern Ireland Women's
Coalition) consistently explain the law's lack of provision for women with reference to the `pro-life' majority views of Northern
Irish people. The authors question the legitimacy of this claim in a cultural climate of intimidation against the expression
of alternative views. Women will continue to be marginalised and devalued in this debate if the silencing of the pro-choice
community and bodies responsible for protecting human rights is not redressed. A case is therefore made for a reconceptualisation
of the abortion debate from the perspective of women's agency, which, alongside litigation and other strategies, is necessary
to overcome the cultural censure that currently prevents meaningful dialogue.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
95.
Eileen Burgin 《Political Behavior》1994,16(3):319-342
In this paper I examine what influences members viewed as shaping their voting decisions on U.S. strategy in the Persian Gulf in January 1991. Rather than focusing on predictors of votes and the outcomes of members' decision-making processes (the yea or nay votes as in roll-call analyses), I focus on the predominant considerations that members perceived as swaying voting choices. More specifically, drawing on data gathered from interviews with 365 congressional staff people, I show that three influences in particular stand out as significant in the decision-making process on this crisis policy: members' own policy views, supportive constituents, and (for certain groups of members) the president. Thus, while the analysis confirms, in part, the conventional view of legislators' personal policy assessments as the critical influence on foreign and defense policy votes, it also underscores that this influence does not operate in a vacuum.An earlier version of this paper was presented at the 1993 meeting of the Midwest Political Science Association. 相似文献
96.
The veterans’ treatment court movement is just beyond the nascent period, and given the rapid proliferation of these courts in recent years it is imperative that the scientific community understand their operational procedures and assess whether they are meeting a unique need beyond those addressed by other problem-solving courts. This paper provides an in-depth examination of veteran culture and how it helps to distinguish veterans’ treatment courts from other courts that focus on similar populations (e.g., drug, DWI, and mental health courts). Using in-depth semi-structured interviews and focus group data collected from veteran participants, veteran mentors, and court team members in Pennsylvania, we employ content analysis to explore the veteran culture as a motivator for participants to enroll in a veterans’ treatment court and engage with others throughout participation in treatment. The results of this exploratory study suggest that a shared culture serves to motivate justice-involved veterans to seek out the veterans’ treatment court over other treatment options and remain engaged in this problem-solving court, while inspiring a sense of obligation to do well in treatment for them and their fellow veterans. The shared experiences of military service and across-the-board support for fellow service members suggest that the veterans’ treatment court creates a unique environment for pursuing treatment. 相似文献
97.
Katy M. Colon Don Hummer Eileen M. Ahlin 《Journal of Ethnicity in Criminal Justice》2018,16(2):99-116
Research on sexual assault case processing remains mixed regarding how extra-legal factors such as the racial-ethnic composition of the defendant-victim dyad may impact prosecutorial decision-making. We use data from 2006–2010 in a Pennsylvania county court jurisdiction to examine the victim- and defendant-related factors that influence charging decisions. We also explore how the demographic and offense characteristics influence decisions to prosecute offenders for more serious types of sexual assault. Our findings indicate that the racial composition of the defendant-victim dyad contributed to the prosecutorial decision to charge an offender with a more serious sexual assault, while victim characteristics and use of violence during the offense were not related to seriousness of the charge. 相似文献
98.
The Ubiquitous Family Environment: Examining Emotional Insecurity in the Family and Adjustment in School 下载免费PDF全文
Kathleen N. Bergman Grace E. Choe E. Mark Cummings Patrick T. Davies 《Family Court Review》2018,56(2):234-247
The present study examines adolescents' emotional insecurity and problem behaviors at school. Adolescents (n = 280; 136 boys, 144 girls, Median age = 13) and their parents reported on adolescents' emotional security and adjustment problems. Adolescents' teachers (n = 240) also reported on adolescents' school adjustment. Results support that emotional insecurity is related to adjustment problems in the home and at school. Emotional insecurity in the family system was a better predictor of adolescents' adjustment problems than emotional insecurity in the interparental relationship. Findings have implications for teachers, parents, school administrators and policy‐makers, as adolescents' problem behaviors at school can be explained by their emotional insecurity. 相似文献
99.
100.
A decision analytic model to guide early‐stage government regulatory action: Applications for synthetic biology 下载免费PDF全文
Benjamin Trump Christopher Cummings Jennifer Kuzma Igor Linkov 《Regulation & Governance》2018,12(1):88-100
Synthetic biology (SB) involves the alteration of living cells and biomolecules for specific purposes. Products developed using these approaches could have significant societal benefits, but also pose uncertain risks to human and environmental health. Policymakers currently face decisions regarding how stringently to regulate and monitor various SB applications. This is a complex task, in which policymakers must balance uncertain economic, political, social, and health‐related decision factors associated with SB use. We argue that formal decision analytical tools could serve as a method to integrate available evidence‐based information and expert judgment on the impacts associated with SB innovations, synthesize that information into quantitative indicators, and serve as the first step toward guiding governance of these emerging technologies. For this paper, we apply multi‐criteria decision analysis to a specific case of SB, a micro‐robot based on biological cells called “cyberplasm.” We use data from a Delphi study to assess cyberplasm governance options and demonstrate how such decision tools may be used for assessments of SB oversight. 相似文献