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981.
Tanuj Kanchan M.B.B.S. D.F.M. M.D. ; Anand Menon M.B.B.S. M.D. ; Ritesh G. Menezes M.B.B.S. M.D. P.G.D.M.L.S. D.N.B. 《Journal of forensic sciences》2009,54(4):938-942
Abstract: Suicide is an important public health hazard worldwide. A 4-year retrospective study from January 2000 to December 2003 was conducted to identify the favored methods in realized suicides among males and females in the west coastal region of India. During the study period, a total of 539 cases of suicidal deaths were autopsied. Males were predominantly affected (male: female—1.9:1). The age of the victims ranged from 13 to 90 years in males (mean = 40.1 years, median = 37.0 years) and 15 to 85 years in females (mean = 36.6 years, median = 32.0 years). Most favored method of suicide amongst males and females was hanging (36.9%, n = 199) followed by poisoning (34.7%, n = 187). Male dominance was apparent for each method of suicide except for self-immolation. Males were relatively more likely to use hanging and poisoning while females were more likely to prefer drowning and self-immolation as methods of suicide. Relatively younger females (mean = 33.0 years, median = 32.0 years) preferred hanging as a method of suicide when compared to males (mean = 42.4 years, median = 40.0 years). Among females, significantly younger females resorted to hanging when compared to older females who preferred drowning. On investigating the various theories proposed for choice of suicide methods in males and females in different regions we conclude that preference of method of suicide in men and women is complexly determined. In this region, availability, accessibility, popularity, and socioacceptability seem to be the major determinants in the choice of methods among males and females rather than violence associated and lethality of the method. Females were as likely to use lethal and violent methods as males in this region. 相似文献
982.
Abigail E. Veevers M.B. Ch.B. ; William Lawler M.B. Ch.B. M.D. F.R.C.Path. ; Guy N. Rutty M.D. M.B.B.S. F.R.C.Path. Dip.R.C.Path. F.F.S.Soc. F.F.F.L.M. 《Journal of forensic sciences》2009,54(6):1466-1469
Abstract: We report three deaths in young adult males following closed blunt trauma to the head and face where the affected individuals were able to walk away from the incident, before subsequently collapsing and dying a short distance from the site of the assault. In each case, due to the rapidity of the posttrauma collapse, the pathologist was faced with a diagnostic difficulty at autopsy; the external examination revealed multiple injuries to the head and face, but internal examinations showed limited findings with no structural explanation for the death. We discuss possible mechanisms that could account for this scenario, the implications of alcohol consumption with a concussive head injury, and parallels that can be drawn with the so-called "talk and die,""talk and deteriorate," and "second impact syndrome." Finally, the possible role of so-called "postexercise peril" is discussed in relation to these deaths. 相似文献
983.
Elderly defendants (age 65+) and defendants with dementia adjudicated incompetent to stand trial and hospitalized for restoration to competence (RTC) often present unique challenges to clinicians charged with their restoration. In this study, we attempted to better identify predictors of successful RTC by building upon previous research correlating increased age with decreased likelihood of RTC. We identified elderly non-demented defendants (n = 31) and defendants diagnosed with dementia (n = 47) from a state database of 1380 individuals hospitalized for competence restoration from 1988–2004. Using regression analysis and correcting for demographic variables and common admission psychiatric diagnoses, we studied the relationship of age at hospital admission and dementia diagnosis on the likelihood of successful RTC. Both advanced age and dementia diagnosis were associated with decreased RTC. After correcting for dementia diagnosis, increased age retained its negative correlation with restoration success. Both elderly non-demented defendants and defendants diagnosed with dementia were significantly less likely to be restored to competence than all other RTC admissions (n = 1302). However, a substantial percentage of both demented and elderly non-demented defendants were successfully restored to competence, potentially justifying restoration attempts for both of these groups of defendants. 相似文献
984.
Zusammenfassung Die europarechtlichen Normen des sog. individuenbezogenen Artenschutzes (insbesondere Art. 5 lit.
a Vogelschutz- und Art. 12 Abs. 1 lit. a FFH-Richtlinie) sowie die innerstaatlichen Umsetzungsnormen
in § 42 Abs. 1 BNatSchG sind entgegen einer weit verbreiteten Tendenz als Verbote bestimmter gezielt
auf individuelle Exemplare der geschützten Arten gerichtete Zugriffshandlungen ernst zu nehmen. Der
Beitrag zeigt auf, wie auf dieser Basis der ausufernden Anwendung der genannten Normen vorgebaut werden
kann. Die abgestufte Handlungsverantwortlichkeit von Verkehrsteilnehmern, Beh?rden zur ordnungsbeh?rdlichen
Regelung des Verkehrsgeschehens sowie zur Zulassung von Verkehrsanlagen und -wegen wird verdeutlicht, zugleich
ein praktikabler Weg zum ma?vollen und differenzierten Umgang mit dem besonderen Artenschutzrecht aufgezeigt. 相似文献
985.
Alastair Ruffell Colm Donnelly Naomi Carver Eileen Murphy Emily Murray James McCambridge 《Forensic science international》2009,183(1-3):e11-e16
Geographic location, time of reporting and need for rapid evaluation contributed to a lack of intelligence concerning a suspect burial site in scrub woodland (~15 km from the last known location of a missing person) in Northern Ireland. Police received reports of a subsiding ‘grave’, which was evaluated positively using GPR and victim recovery dogs (VRD). After 24 h work, archaeological excavation showed a vertical-sided, stepped excavation on undisturbed clay with no inhumation. Subsequent research showed the feature to be an engineering trial pit. The GPR response was a water table and rocks, VRD were possibly reacting to disturbed ground. The work serves as a demonstration of good archaeological practice in suspect burial excavation, following a lack of landscape evaluation and poor overall intelligence. 相似文献
986.
Knowledge diffusion from university and public research. A comparison between US,Japan and Europe using patent citations 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
This paper estimates the process of diffusion and decay of knowledge from university, public laboratories and corporate patents
in six countries and tests the differences across countries and across technological fields using data from the European Patent
Office. It finds that university and public research patents are more cited relatively to companies’ patents. However these
results are mainly driven by the Chemical, Drugs & Medical, and Mechanical fields and US universities. In Europe and Japan,
where the great majority of patents from public research come from national agencies, there is no evidence of a superior fertility
of university and public laboratory patents vis à vis corporate patents. The distribution of the citation lags shows that
knowledge embedded in university and public research patents tends to diffuse more rapidly relative to corporate ones in particular
in the US, Germany, France and Japan.
相似文献
F. Montobbio (Corresponding author)Email: |
987.
In this study, an assessment phase is undertaken to determine intimate partner violence (IPV) prevalence. An anonymous survey is followed by a chart review documenting identification of IPV. Two methods are attempted to increase assessment/documentation of IPV: a physician educational intervention and a nursing routine inquiry intervention in one quadrant of the practice. The IPV physician educational intervention includes didactic sessions, an IPV counselor, and resource information. The routine inquiry intervention involves nurses screening female patients for IPV at check-in. IPV is found to be prevalent in a general medicine clinic. An enhanced educational intervention does not increase IPV documentation. A routine inquiry intervention significantly increases documentation of lifetime IPV but does not impact current IPV identification. 相似文献
988.
John F. Wozniak 《Crime, Law and Social Change》2009,51(1):189-203
During the past decade, there was a resurgent tendency in criminology to explain emerging patterns of crime within the United
States by referring solely to dysfunctional families or dysfunctional individuals. Other criminologists questioned these latter
approaches as detaching individuals and crime from the social institutions that envelope them. In light of this recent attempt
to link crime to social institutions, it seems fruitful to revisit the work of one of the most astute analysts of institutional
structure: C. Wright Mills. Hence, this article begins with an overview of Mills’ sociological perspective and then shows
how it provides useful insights into institutional sources of illegal behavior. The article also illustrates ways the Millsian
perspective can be directly applied to an analysis of corporate crime in relation to other forms of crime emanating from the
structure of contemporary U.S. society. After that, the article explores how the Millsian perspective can broaden understanding
of the growing decline of ethics within America’s leading industries, governmental agencies, and the justice system. The article
concludes by addressing policy implications, particularly in regard to the prospects of linking the Millsian perspective with
basic tenets of peacemaking criminology.
相似文献
John F. WozniakEmail: |
989.
In this paper, we evaluate the efficiency of prosecutor office efficiency in the United States. Using multiple inputs and
multiple outputs to characterize prosecutor office production, technical and scale efficiency are calculated for U.S. counties.
Given the complex nature of service provision and potential heterogeneity based on judicial district size, we restrict our
sample to those counties with populations between 100 and 500 thousand. Given the efficiency results, we also test whether
efficiency is statistically related to median income and the percentage of minority population. The results suggest that prosecutor
offices in more socio-economically disadvantages counties are more inefficient.
相似文献
990.
Edwin Sutherland published his famous White Collar Crime in 1949 where he excoriated leaders of American firms for their war crimes. The names of all corporations were deleted, however,
from the book by the threat of legal action. The unabridged version was published in 1983 when the Sutherland files at Indiana
University were unsealed. These files can now be compared with both the 1949 and 1983 book, as well as with other evidence
of corporate war crimes during World War II. 相似文献