禽流感病毒M2e多拷贝重组蛋白的原核表达及其免疫原性分析

为了获得流感病毒M2e多拷贝重组蛋白并分析其免疫原性,通过比对GenBank中H5和H9亚型流感病毒的M2基因,选择其N端由23个氨基酸组成的胞外域(M2e)序列进行合成,并将4个M2e序列与3个位于HA246~260T/B细胞表位交叉串联,在其末端添加酵母转录因子,然后克隆到pGEX-6P-1载体中,表达重组蛋白。SDS-PAGE和蛋白免疫印迹试验分析表明,重组蛋白成功表达,而后纯化获得高纯度产物。经纯化的重组蛋白与弗氏佐剂混合后肌肉注射BALB/c小鼠,二免2周后采集小鼠血清并用ELISA检测M2e抗体水平;同时分离脾细胞并用ELISPOT检测特异性T细胞的数量。ELISA结果表明重组蛋白能诱导免疫组小鼠产生高水平的M2e特异性抗体;ELISPOT分析显示,在M2e肽段的刺激下,免疫组小鼠每1×106个脾淋巴细胞中的斑点形成数达150个。结果表明,成功表达的重组蛋白具有良好免疫原性,为广谱型流感病毒亚单位疫苗的研制奠定了基础。     

猪环曲病毒实时荧光定量RT-PCR检测方法的建立与应用

根据GenBank中猪环曲病毒(porcine torovirus,PToV)N基因的保守序列,设计合成1对针对PToV的特异性引物,建立了基于SYBR GreenⅡ检测PToV的实时荧光定量RT-PCR方法。结果显示,该方法能很好地将PToV与猪伪狂犬病病毒、猪嵴病毒、猪传染性胃肠炎病毒、猪流行性腹泻病毒、A群猪轮状病毒、猪瘟病毒、沙门菌和大肠杆菌区分开来,特异性强。检测PToV的N基因在8.65×101~8.65×108拷贝/μL范围内有很好的线性关系,其扩增相关系数为0.998 9,扩增产物的熔解曲线分析只有1个单特异峰。所建立的实时荧光定量RT-PCR方法组内变异系数为0.29%~1.30%,组间变异系数为0.45%~1.80%,重复性较好。利用该方法对采集自四川部分地区的43份临床样品进行检测,实时荧光定量RTPCR检出13份阳性样品,与常规PCR检测方法的阳性符合率为100%。结果表明建立的实时荧光定量RT-PCR方法特异性较强、灵敏度高,可用于该病的临床检测和流行病学调查。     

Prevalence of blood alcohol in fatal traffic crashes in Shanghai

The objective of this project was to investigate the incidence of alcohol consumption in fatal traffic deaths in Shanghai, one of the largest cities in China. A study was conducted on 803 individuals killed in road accidents during the period 2009–2011, in terms of alcohol-positive rate, mean blood alcohol content (BAC), gender, age, vehicle type, pedestrian alcohol problem, single-vehicle vs multiple-vehicle crashes, and time of day. It was found that 28.9% of the drivers involved had a BAC ≥ 0.20 mg/mL (limit of civil offense) and 21.8% had a BAC ≥ 0.80 mg/mL (limit of criminal offense). The mean BAC of alcohol-positive drivers (with a BAC ≥ 0.20 mg/mL) was 1.51 mg/mL. The vast majority of the drivers involved were males. With regards to age, the largest group was of drivers aged between 40 and 49 years group in both alcohol-negative cases (26.8%) and alcohol-positive cases (26.2%). Motorcycles were most likely to be involved, representing 34.4% of alcohol-negative crashes and 51.6% of alcohol-positive crashes. Very high BACs were common among alcohol-positive pedestrians, yet all female pedestrians were alcohol-negative. Single-vehicle crashes were over-represented in alcohol-positive cases. Alcohol-negative crashes and alcohol-positive crashes most often happened during the time period of 17:00–18:59 and 19:00–20:59, respectively.     

政府信息公开救济制度研究

政府信息公开制度的构建意在保障公民知情权,建设服务型政府。救济制度不仅是政府信息公开制度实施的保障,而且是政府信息公开法律体系中不可缺少的一部分。本文主要从研究政府信息公开救济制度的理论基础入手,针对我国目前政府信息公开救济制度的现状,借鉴国外政府信息公开救济制度,提出了构建和完善我国政府信息公开法律救济制度的立法建议。     

上海监狱民警单警装备使用现状之分析与对策研究

规范的单警装备使用技能是监狱人民警察执法理念的重要体现,然而在调查中发现,部分中老年民警对单警装备佩戴和使用在思想上不够重视;部分民警虽然按规定佩带了单警装备,然而碰到罪犯打群架等狱内突发事件时却不敢使用,担心在使用时把握不了尺度而因此被追究责任;很多监狱民警在伸缩警棍、催泪喷射器的使用技巧和相关理论知识方面很欠缺,在培训中缺乏直观的模拟使用和实践操作训练。如何将单警装备与日常警务工作有机结合,在上海监狱系统的民警队伍建设、实战理论、教育训练和体系建设等方面均有着重要意义。通过调查研究,以期对促进上海监狱民警更好的掌握单警装备使用技能提供一定的理论依据,切实有效的提高监狱民警的执勤执法战斗力。     

Screening for Substance Use Disorders as a Supplement to Caseworker Assessment Among Foster Care–Involved Families

Parental substance abuse is a major factor in families experiencing foster care placement, yet little is known about the potential of screening in determining risk or identifying subpopulations for which elevated risk occurs. One Midwestern state recently implemented screening. This research uses information gathered as part of the screen's implementation to conduct a latent class analysis. The research was extended to provide a detailed examination of differences in child and family characteristics across classes, and to compare the screen results with caseworker impressions. Three distinct typologies emerged, with the high-risk and moderate-risk designations comprising only one quarter of the cases.     

Managing Incentive Dynamics for Collaborative Governance in Land and Ecological Conservation

Public governance often involves policy tools and stakeholders from multiple sectors. How different policy tools are used may affect the chances that the values and interests of diverse stakeholders can be aligned in mutually supportive ways. Drawing on insights from behavioral and cognitive economics, this article uses the case of land and ecological conservation in Twin Lake, Taiwan, to illustrate how various interactive dynamics—hierarchical exclusion and preemptive effects—may affect efforts in land and ecological conservation involving stakeholders from multiple sectors. Such illustrations may inform the choice and sequencing of policy tools for facilitating collaborative governance.     

监狱建筑功能的深层解读

监狱建筑是监狱的物质样态,它不仅是一种文化标志和刑罚符号,而且体现了监狱的惩罚、教化。对于监狱建筑功能的解读,一是物理功能,包括囚居、隔离和改善;二是教化功能,是现代监狱的主要功能,包括教育警示和规训引导。特别是在规训引导方面,更加注重监狱建筑的基本样式和监狱环境的修饰和改善。     

论政府应对突发事件防御体系中的能力建设

社会各种突发事件频繁发生,政府在处置这些事件中应处于主导地位,提高政府防御突发事件的能力具有很强的现实性。政府应对突发事件防御体系的能力包括突发事件的预防能力、控制能力和处置能力。建立突发事件防御体系,政府机关需要通过强化处突基础,健全保障能力;强化科学预测,健全预警能力;完善法规体系,健全应对能力;组织实训演练,提高实战能力。     

论建国初期彭真的统一战线思想与实践

统一战线是中国共产党战胜敌人的一个重要法宝。建国初期,彭真在统一战线理论和实践方面的建树主要表现在以下四个方面,即充分认识建国初期统战的重要地位,以明确工作开展的方向;认真贯彻党的政策和策略,联合资产阶级,以巩固和加强统一战线;高度重视放手使用党外知识分子,以推进首都的各项建设事业;积极开好各界人民代表会议,以推动和扩大统一战线。