Zu den Anforderungen an die Festsetzung von Flächen, die frei von jeglicher Bebauung zu halten sind

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The extent of aspartic acid racemization in dentin: a possible method for a more accurate determination of age at death?

In the current study the objective was to find to what extent a reliable determination of age at death is made possible by establishing the degree of aspartic acid racemization in the dentin of teeth. The results of the investigation of 46 teeth are in agreement with the values found by other authors. The method presented makes a reproducible and accurate estimation of age possible. We intend to elaborate and improve this promising method for determination of age at death. The relevant points are presented here.     

Book reviews

Turkey in the Middle East By Philip Robins. Pinter for the Royal Institute of international Affairs. 1991.130 pp. £22.50. ISBNO 86187 198 7. PBk £8.95. ISBN 0 86187 1995.

Hitler Slept Late and other blunders that cost him the war By James P. Duffy. London: Praeger. 1991.176pp. £17.50.

Alliance within the alliance: Franco‐German Military Cooperation and the European Pillar of Defense By David G. Haglund. Boulder: Westview Press, 1991. 213 pp.

Homeward Bound? Allied Forces in the New Germany Edited by David G. Haglund and Olaf Mager. Boulder: Westview Press, 1992. 299 pp. £24.95

Avoiding War: Problems of crisis management By Alexander L. George (ed.), Westview Press, 1991. 590 pp. £16.95.

The Future of NATO: Facing an Unreliable Enemy in an Uncertain Environment By S.N. Drew et al. Praeger Publishers, New York, 1991. pp. 206.

Parliament and international relations Edited by Charles Carstairs and Richard Ware. Milton Keynes: Open University Press, 1991. 195 pp. £12.99 (paperback)     

Skull identification by means of superprojection using the electronic photo-composition technique, modified to the animated picture-difference procedure (author's transl)

Skull identification by electronic photo-composition can, with the help of a video-animation compositor, be further developed beyond the pure superprojection technique into an animated picture difference image. The employment of this combined technique to be recommended on account of the improved possibilities of control to be realized in the congruity of the superprojection composite picture.     

Improved skull identification using the superprojection technique with the help of a video-tape system (author's transl)

The photographic identification of a skull through the well-known superprojection technique can be modified and decisively improved by the use of a video-tape system. The identification method based on electronic photo composition is methodically simple to use. It offers the examiner the possibility to recognize the relationship between bone and soft part proportions, and the structure of the bone surface and the details of the soft part shape, as a concrete, tangible characteristic of identity to a substantially greater extent. The large number of controllable characteristics inherent in the ihgh degree of individuality of the skull offers not just an either/or "The skull fits"/ "It does not fit" into a photograph, but achieves proof of disproof of identity.     

Negotiating Identities: The Party of Democratic Socialism between East German Regionalism, German National Identity and European Integration

For many East Germans, the Party of Democratic Socialism has been a political and social environment in which German national identity, GDR biographies, post-unification East German experiences and European integration could be successfully negotiated. The PDS enabled GDR identifiers to arrive at a critical evaluation of GDR history while maintaining self-respect for their individual biographies and avoiding the temptations of GDR nostalgia. As it found its place in the regionalized pluralism of the new German party system, PDS supporters came to terms with the dual transformation that ended the post-1945 socialist experiment as well as GDR statehood. Far from deepening the continuing cultural divisions between East and West Germans, the expression of regional East German interests and identity by the PDS contributed to the integration of post-unification German society.     

Beinahe-Gleichzeitigkeit. Die europäische Anti-Gentechnik-Welle und das Öffentlichkeitsdefizit der EU

Massenöffentlichkeiten spielen in der Geschichte des internationalen Gentechnikkonflikts seit dessen Einsetzen vor nunmehr drei Jahrzehnten eine entscheidende Rolle. Die Rekonstruktion dieses Konflikts lässt indes die nationale Situiertheit dieser Öffentlichkeiten erkennen: Die in ihnen stattfindenden Gentechnikkonflikte verlaufen voneinander unabhängig, in nationalem Rahmen und nationaler Selbstbezüglichkeit. Gleichzeitig wird in der zweiten Hälfte der 1990er Jahre aber auch eine andere bemerkenswerte Entwicklung deutlich: der Übergang von einem asynchronen Nebeneinander nationaler Kontroversen zu deren annähernd gleichzeitiger Mobilisierung. Theoretische Relevanz erhält diese Erscheinung vor dem Hintergrund der aktuellen Diskussion um die Transnationalisierung politischer Systeme und die demokratietheoretischen Implikationen dieses Vorgangs. In der entstehenden ?postnationalen Konstellation“ bricht eine Kluft auf zwischen nationalen Massenöffentlichkeiten und supranationalen Entscheidungsabläufen. Am deutlichsten zu Tage tritt dieses Problem im ?Öffentlichkeitsdefizit“ der Europäischen Union. Der internationale Konflikt um die Gentechnik lässt jedoch darauf schließen, dass, obwohl es kein Anzeichen eines ?Verschmelzens“ nationaler Massenöffentlichkeiten zu einer gemeinsamen europäischen Öffentlichkeit gibt, der dargestellte Synchronismus ein funktionales Äquivalent einer solchen europäischen Öffentlichkeit bilden könnte.     

Bremse oder Gaspedal? Eine empirische Untersuchung zur Wirkung der direkten Demokratie auf den Steuerstaat

This article analyzes the relationship between the different forms of direct democratic participation and the size of the tax state in the Swiss cantons for the period from 1983 to 2000. The analysis distinguishes between the different effects of the financial referendum and the initiative. Theoretical arguments suppose that the financial referendum curb the tax state, whereas the initiative is expected to contribute to its growth. Pooled time series analyses show that legal conditions of direct democratic participation in general and especially the legislation on financial referenda are much more important than the frequency of plebiscites for the explanation of the different sizes of the tax states in the cantons. As an additional result of the analyses, the impact of direct democracy on the tax state turns out to be much larger in the 1990s compared to the decade before.     

Regulating Vertically Integrated Utilities When Transfers are Costly but Revenues are Beneficial

This paper considers regulating a vertically integratedutility under asymmetric information about efficiency gainsdue to integration. The benchmark case – benevolentregulation – implies a divestiture of a technically efficientintegration, unless the cost savings due to integrating aresubstantial. This highlights how private information causes adeviation from the standard perfect information framework.This result is at odds with the worldwide experience withpublic utilities that remained integrated almost throughoutthe 20th century despite that integration offered meager or nosavings as now becomes evident. Of course, this divergencebetween normative analysis and facts is no surprise for publicchoice. Indeed, a rather mild kind of a Leviathan motive –regulators dislike transfers to the utility, and by symmetry,like revenues – coupled with the `secrecy' only integrationoffers due to private information explains why a regulator hasan interest to keep even economically inefficiently integratedfirms integrated. This is in line with Crew and Rowley (1988)that public regulation serves to `milk' rather than to imposeefficiency.