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81.
When Morality Opposes Justice: Conservatives Have Moral Intuitions that Liberals may not Recognize 总被引:5,自引:2,他引:3
Researchers in moral psychology and social justice have agreed that morality is about matters of harm, rights, and justice.
On this definition of morality, conservative opposition to social justice programs appears to be immoral, and has been explained
as a product of various non-moral processes such as system justification or social dominance orientation. In this article
we argue that, from an anthropological perspective, the moral domain is usually much broader, encompassing many more aspects
of social life and valuing institutions as much or more than individuals. We present theoretical and empirical reasons for
believing that there are five psychological systems that provide the foundations for the world’s many moralities. The five
foundations are psychological preparations for detecting and reacting emotionally to issues related to harm/care, fairness/reciprocity,
ingroup/loyalty, authority/respect, and purity/sanctity. Political liberals have moral intuitions primarily based upon the
first two foundations, and therefore misunderstand the moral motivations of political conservatives, who generally rely upon
all five foundations.
相似文献
Jonathan HaidtEmail: |
82.
Newell AJ Morgan RM Griffin LD Bull PA Marshall JR Graham G 《Journal of forensic sciences》2012,57(5):1285-1289
Quartz sand surface texture analysis has been automated for the first time for forensic application. The derived Basic Image Features (BIFs) provide computer-generated texture recognition from preexisting data sets. The technique was applied to two distinct classification problems; first, the ability of the system to discriminate between (quartz) sand grains with upturned plate features (indicative of eolian, global sand sea environments) and grains that do not exhibit these features. A success rate of grain classification of 98.8% was achieved. Second, to test the ability of the computer recognition system to identify specific energy levels of formation of the upturned plate surface texture features. Such recognition ability has to date been beyond manual geological interpretation. The discrimination performance was enhanced to an exact classification success rate of 81%. The enhanced potential for routine forensic investigation of the provenance of common quartz sand is indicated. 相似文献
83.
Roberto?Hugh?PotterEmail author Hefang?Lin Allison?Maze Donell?Bjoring 《American Journal of Criminal Justice》2012,37(2):200-208
Time/flow is a decisive variable when proposing public health interventions in jail populations and settings. The present
paper argues that jail flow affects the types of public health interventions achievable in ways not acknowledged generally
by public health/medical researchers. The paper explores how public health interventions vary among jail populations in terms
of “flow” and how they are affected by a “period” effect. Interventions that will be effective and reach a substantial portion
of the jail population are dependent upon the point in the jail processing process. In turn, the variables that affect the
speed of population flow through the jail setting also influence who will be served by public health interventions. 相似文献
84.
Proctor SL Hoffmann NG Allison S 《International journal of offender therapy and comparative criminology》2012,56(2):317-332
The present study sought to evaluate the influence of interactive journaling on criminal recidivism and identify significant predictors of recidivism among a sample of 183 male inmates incarcerated in a local jail facility randomly assigned to either an interactive journaling condition or a control group. All participants met DSM-IV-TR criteria for substance dependence, had their current offense indicate substance involvement, and had a minimum of one previous arrest in the prior 12 months. The recidivism rate (51%), in terms of subsequent bookings within a 12-month period, for the journaling group was significantly lower than the recidivism rate (66%) for the control group, χ(2)(1, 183) = 4.13, p < .05. The three most significant independent predictors of subsequent bookings were severity of posttraumatic stress disorder, group assignment (journaling vs. placebo), and employment status. Interactive journaling appears to show promise as a brief treatment intervention strategy for substance dependence in local jail settings and may have the potential for reducing recidivism. 相似文献
85.
This study had three purposes: to explore psychological characteristics of animal abusers (criminal thinking styles, empathy, and personality traits), to replicate previously reported results (past illegal actions, bullying behavior), and to examine potential gender differences. The self-reported animal abuser group was 29 college students who reported two or more incidents of animal abuse; controls were 29 college students matched on age and gender. Participants completed self-report measures of criminal thinking, illegal behaviors, bullying, empathy, and the five-factor personality traits. Results indicated animal abusers had more previous criminal behaviors, were more likely to bully, and had the highest scores on the power orientation criminal thinking scale. Abuser by gender interactions were detected; female animal abusers scored significantly higher on several measures of criminal thinking, were found to be more likely to bully, and exhibited lower scores on measures of perspective taking and empathy compared to female controls. 相似文献
86.
Objectives
Previous research has neglected to consider whether trends in immigration are related to changes in the nature of homicide. This is important because there is considerable variability in the temporal trends of homicide subtypes disaggregated by circumstance. In the current study, we address this issue by investigating whether within-city changes in immigration are related to temporal variations in rates of overall and circumstance-specific homicide for a sample of large US cities during the period between 1980 and 2010.Methods
Fixed-effects negative binomial and two-stage least squares (2SLS) instrumental variable regression models are used to analyze data from 156 large US cities observed during the 1980–2010 period.Results
Findings from the analyses suggest that temporal change in overall homicide and drug homicide rates are significantly related to changes in immigration. Specifically, increases in immigration are associated with declining rates for each of the preceding outcome measures. Moreover, for several of the homicide types, findings suggest that the effects of changes in immigration vary across places, with the largest negative associations appearing in cities that had relatively high initial (i.e., 1970) immigration levels.Conclusions
There is support for the thesis that changes in immigration in recent decades are related to changes in rates of lethal violence. However, it appears that the relationship is contingent and varied, not general. 相似文献87.
88.
Recent research has found that civic education improves the democratic capacity of students and that teachers who employ an ‘open classroom’ approach seem to perform better at accomplishing this goal. We build on behavioural literature suggesting that variation in personality traits across ideology may account for why liberal middle school teachers would be more likely to foster an open classroom climate and as a result do a better job than their conservative counterparts at stimulating in their students’ political knowledge, an important component of democratic capacity. We estimate a series of quasi-experimental multilevel models using data from a survey of American students and teachers. The results indicate that liberal teachers tend to use an open classroom approach more frequently and that the students with the highest levels of political knowledge are in classes taught by liberal teachers. This effect holds up when controlling for individual-level predictors of student knowledge. 相似文献
89.
90.
Michael E. Allison 《Democratization》2016,23(6):1042-1058
ABSTRACT The Guatemalan National Revolutionary Unit (URNG) fought one of the longest and bloodiest civil wars in recent Latin American history. In 1996, the URNG and the Government of Guatemala signed a Firm and Lasting Agreement ending the country’s civil war and initiating the URNG’s post-war life as a political party. After finishing third in its initial electoral competition, the URNG has since been unable to capture more than 4% of the vote, on its own or in coalition, leaving it a minor political party. What explains the poor electoral performance of the URNG as a political party? Based upon fieldwork, elite interviews, and analysis of electoral data, I argue that the URNG’s minor party performance was caused by both organizational and institutional factors. 相似文献