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81.
This paper is an exploratory attempt to view the role that social experiments in general, and the income maintenance experiments and work/welfare demonstrations in particular, have played in the policy process through the lens provided by the knowledge utilization literature. In addition to suggesting that the decision to conduct a social experiment is rarely, if ever, made according to an essentially rational paradigm, this framework helps highlight the range of uses to which findings from social experiments can be put and the circumstances under which various types of uses are more or less likely. Specifically, the knowledge utilization literature suggests that rather than having the dramatic, decisive effects on policy choices that their promoters have often envisioned, social experiments are more likely to affect policy in a variety of subtle ways. 相似文献
82.
83.
Luthra R Abramovitz R Greenberg R Schoor A Newcorn J Schmeidler J Levine P Nomura Y Chemtob CM 《Journal of interpersonal violence》2009,24(11):1919-1927
This study examines the association between trauma exposure and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among 157 help-seeking children (aged 8-17). Structured clinical interviews are carried out, and linear and logistic regression analyses are conducted to examine the relationship between PTSD and type of trauma exposure controlling for age, gender, and ethnicity. Confrontation with traumatic news, witnessing domestic violence, physical abuse, and sexual abuse are each significantly associated with PTSD. Witnessing a crime, being the victim of a crime, and exposure to accidents, fire, or disaster are not associated with PTSD. These findings underscore the association between interpersonal violence and childhood PTSD. 相似文献
84.
David Greenberg Marvin Mandell Matthew Onstott 《Journal of policy analysis and management》2000,19(3):367-382
Abstract This paper reports the results of a telephone survey of state‐level officials as to the influence of evaluations of three state welfare innovations: California's GAIN, New York's CAP, and Florida's Project Independence. The three experiments were known to those interviewed, yet they did not have dramatic, decisive effects on policymaking. However, GAIN and CAP appear to have influenced policymaking in less dramatic and more subtle respects. Much more important than empirical findings about the effects of tested programs was information about how these programs actually operated in the field along with evidence that the policies tested in welfare‐to‐work experiments were logically consistent (that is, there was no obvious reason to think that they would be unsuccessful), could clear federal waivers, and would not encounter major political resistance. © 2000 by the Association for Public Policy Analysis and Management. 相似文献
85.
Schlomer Gabriel L. Cleveland H. Harrington Deutsch Arielle R. Vandenbergh David J. Feinberg Mark E. Greenberg Mark T. Spoth Richard L. Redmond Cleve 《Journal of youth and adolescence》2019,48(1):71-85
Journal of Youth and Adolescence - Better integrating human developmental factors in genomic research is part of a set of next steps for testing gene-by-environment interaction hypotheses. This... 相似文献
86.
Harold M. Greenberg 《Intelligence & National Security》2013,28(4):687-694
Many scholars and other writers have dismissed the 1954 Doolittle Commission as an Eisenhower administration tactic to protect CIA covert operations from congressional investigation. Evidence about the commission and its report, however, suggests that this view may be incomplete. Clarification of the commission's precise purpose may serve the wider study of US covert action policy in the 1950s and congressional oversight of the CIA. In particular, the report's recommendations for bold covert action abroad may reveal how administration covert action policy attracted congressional attention to the CIA. 相似文献
87.
Michael Greenberg Peyton Craighill Henry Mayer Cliff Zukin Jan Wells 《Housing Policy Debate》2013,23(3):515-540
Abstract A total of 779 New Jersey residents were surveyed to determine the number of people who during the next five years would be willing to move to housing built on brownfield sites that have been remediated to the extent that they pose no plausible brownfield‐related health risk to residents. Fourteen percent of the respondents said they would be willing to move to and live in housing built on cleaned‐up brownfields. These respondents were disproportionately relatively poor and young and resided in apartments and cities, especially cities where the city government was actively promoting brownfields. These respondents also did not like their current neighborhoods, did not feel threatened by the idea of living on a cleaned‐up brownfield site, and trusted experts to advise them on the health risks involved. 相似文献
88.
Byron E. Greenberg Matt Riggs Fred B. Bryant Bryan D. Smith 《Journal of Police and Criminal Psychology》2003,18(2):12-19
This study cross-validates a short aggression inventory using a sample of 250 law enforcement professionals. The instrument
under investigation is the 12-question modified version of the Buss-Perry Aggression Scale (Buss & Perry, 1992). Statistical
and external validation methods were used to ascertain the appropriateness of this scale's use with law enforcement professionals.
Confirmatory factor analyses revealed that both the firstorder, four-factor model, {ie12-1}, GFI=.94, NFI=.84, NNFI=.88, and
CFI=.91, and the second-order model with a single, global Aggression “super” factor, {ie12-2}, GFI=.94, NFI=.84, NNFI=.89,
and CFI=.91, provided a reasonable goodness-of-fit to the data. Subscales of this instrument correlated meaningfully with
departmental measures of citizen complaints for physical and verbal aggression by officers, as well as the number of shooting
incidents in which the officers were involved. The need for a short measure of aggression is discussed and applications in
law enforcement are offered. 相似文献
89.
David F. Greenberg 《Justice Quarterly》2014,31(1):154-188
Methodological issues that must be considered in doing research on the New York City crime drop include the choice of a spatial unit of analysis, the choice of a mathematical representation of the processes responsible for the drop, and the choice of estimators. This paper considers the strengths and weaknesses of a time series analysis of data for New York alone, a panel analysis for the city’s precincts, and a panel analysis for a sample of cities, for studying the drop. The possibilities and limitations of precinct-level data are illustrated with annual precinct data for New York between 1988 and 2001. The paper considers static and dynamic fixed effects panel models estimated in various ways, including difference and systems generalized method of moments. These analyses find no evidence that misdemeanor arrests reduced levels of homicide, robbery, or aggravated assaults. Felony arrests reduced robberies, but only to a modest degree. Most of the decline in these three felonies had other causes. 相似文献
90.
Reye's syndrome. A review from the forensic viewpoint 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
F A Meier J A Baron E R Greenberg 《The American journal of forensic medicine and pathology》1983,4(4):323-329
Reye's syndrome, encephalopathy and fatty change in the liver and other viscera, typically occurs suddenly in infants and children recovering from a viral illness, particularly influenza or varicella. Its rapid clinical course may suggest a drug-related insult and the differential diagnosis includes a variety of toxins. There are grounds for suspicion that exogenous substances--including aspirin--may be cofactors with recent viral illness in the syndrome's pathogenesis. For these reasons, medical examiners may be called upon to rule the diagnosis in or out, to assess the possibility of direct toxic injury, or to document presence or absence of possible cofactors. With these tasks in mind, this review summarizes the diagnostic, pathologic, and laboratory findings of Reye's syndrome and considers the roles of viral infection, heritable predispositions, and exogenous toxins in its causation. It singles out salicylate treatment for special considerations as a possible cofactor, and concludes with a suggested approach to the forensic medical investigation of possible cases of Reye's syndrome. 相似文献