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191.
Time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS) was utilized to obtain characteristic mass spectra from three different smokeless powders and six different black powder samples. In these mass spectra, peaks indicative of both the organic and inorganic additive constituents in the gunpowders were observed. TOF-SIMS was able to successfully differentiate between the different black and smokeless gunpowder samples analyzed with the aid of principal components analysis (PCA), a multivariate statistical analysis approach often used to reduce the dimensionality of complex data. TOF-SIMS was also used to obtain information about the spatial distribution of the various additives contained within the gunpowder samples. SIMS imaging demonstrated that that the samples could potentially be characterized by their 2-D structure, which varied from sample to sample. These results clearly demonstrate the feasibility of utilizing TOF-SIMS as a tool for the characterization and differentiation of gunpowder samples for general forensic applications. 相似文献
192.
Self-control Depletion and the General Theory of Crime 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Criminological research on self-control focuses mainly on self-control failure. Such research has not, however, investigated the consequences of exercising self-control for the individual doing so. The present study investigates this issue within the framework of both criminological self-control theory and research on self-control depletion from social psychology, which depicts self-control as akin to a “muscle” that is “depletable” by prior use [Muraven and Baumeister (2000) Psycholog Bull 126:247–259]. Results are presented from a laboratory experiment in which students have the opportunity to cheat. Both “trait self-control,” as measured by the Grasmick et al. [(1993) J Res Crime Delinq 30:5–29] self-control inventory, and “self-control depletion” independently predicted cheating. The implications of these findings are explored for criminological perspectives on self-control and offender decision-making.
相似文献
Mark MuravenEmail: |
193.
Assessing the Effect of Race Bias in Post-traffic Stop Outcomes Using Propensity Scores 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Greg Ridgeway 《Journal of Quantitative Criminology》2006,22(1):1-29
In response to community demands, case settlements, and state laws concerning racial profiling, police departments across
the nation are collecting data on traffic stops. While the data collection is rapidly moving forward, there are few if any
agreed upon methods for analyzing the data. Much of the attention has been on benchmarks for the race distribution of stops
and searches. Little empirical work has advanced our understanding of the influence of race in the post-stop activities of
police. The present study proposes a propensity score technique to determine the extent to which race bias affects citation
rates, search rates, and the duration of the stop. Adjusting for confounding variables using the propensity score offers an
alternative to multivariate regression that is more interpretable, less prone to errors in model assumptions, and ultimately
easier to present to stakeholders in policing practices. An analysis of traffic stop data from the City of Oakland, California
demonstrates the process, presentation, and interpretation of the results that the methodology produces. Ultimately, the study
addresses the extent to which race plays a role in officers’ use of discretion.
相似文献
Greg RidgewayEmail: |
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Greg Power 《The Political quarterly》2015,86(3):434-439
Parliament's International Development Committee made a powerful case this year that DFID should put more money into parliamentary strengthening in developing countries. Arguing that parliaments were central to tackling corruption, improving economic development and building stable political settlements, they recommended that parliaments should be at the ‘heart of DFID's governance work’. The report, though, also touched on wider issues of how DFID commissions and monitors its political programmes, suggesting fundamental changes to both. DFID recognises these challenges, and offered either full or partial agreement with most of the recommendations. The challenge that remains, though, is moving from the rhetoric of ‘engaging with politics’ to a much improved form of political and parliamentary programming. 相似文献
197.
198.
Greg Pogarsky 《Journal of Quantitative Criminology》2007,23(1):59-74
Conflicting evidence exists on how criminal propensity moderates deterrent effects, and there is little empirical evidence
on this issue from relatively experienced offenders. This study tested how variation in criminal propensity (operationalized
as “low self-control”) moderates deterrent effects in a sample of convicted offenders in New Jersey’s Intensive Supervision
Program in 1989 and 1990. Offenders’ perceptions of the risks and consequences from violating ISP were associated with whether
they successfully completed ISP. Moreover, lower self-control did not diminish, and if anything, enhanced these deterrent
effects.
相似文献
Greg PogarskyEmail: |