论刑法修正案（八）中的宽与严

随着中国特色法律体系的逐步形成,作为我国重要基本法之一的刑法顺应着时代的发展和社会的变迁不断修正完善。全国人大常委会此次通过的刑法修正案（八）对原有刑法典做了全面、系统的修正,回应了新时期、新形势对刑事立法工作提出的新挑战,同时秉承了中华传统文化中“宽严相济”的法律思想。此部修正案兼顾了“严”与“宽”两个方面,既强化了刑法对社会治安大局的控制力,增强了公众的安全感,又有益于减少社会对抗,促进和谐稳定。可以说,刑法修正案（八）真正将“宽严相济”的刑事政策上升为具体的、可操作的法律制度。     

Development and validation of the AmpFℓSTR® Identifiler® Direct PCR Amplification Kit: a multiplex assay for the direct amplification of single-source samples

Abstract: The AmpF?STR^® Identifiler^® Direct PCR Amplification Kit is a new short tandem repeat multiplex assay optimized to allow the direct amplification of single‐source blood and buccal samples on FTA^® card without the need for sample purification and quantification. This multiplex assay has been validated according to the FBI/National Standards and SWGDAM guidelines. Validation results revealed that slight variations in primer concentration, master mix component concentration, and thermal cycling parameters did not affect the performance of the chemistry. The assay’s sensitivity was demonstrated by amplifying known amounts of white blood cells spotted onto FTA^® cards, and the assay’s specificity was verified by establishing minimal cross‐reactivity with nonhuman DNA. No effect on the age of the sample stored on the FTA^® substrate was observed and full concordance was established in the population study. These findings of the validation study support the use of the Identifiler^® Direct Kit for forensic standards and database samples genotyping.