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101.
Liana Fox Christopher Wimer Irwin Garfinkel Neeraj Kaushal Jane Waldfogel 《Journal of policy analysis and management》2015,34(3):567-592
Using data from the Consumer Expenditure Survey and the March Current Population Survey, we provide poverty estimates for 1967 to 2012 based on a historical supplemental poverty measure (SPM). During this period, poverty, as officially measured, has stagnated. However, the official poverty measure (OPM) does not account for the effect of near‐cash transfers on the financial resources available to families, an important omission since such transfers have become an increasingly important part of government antipoverty policy. Applying the historical SPM, which does count such transfers, we find that trends in poverty have been more favorable than the OPM suggests and that government policies have played an important and growing role in reducing poverty—a role that is not evident when the OPM is used to assess poverty. We also find that government programs have played a particularly important role in alleviating child poverty and deep poverty, especially during economic downturns. 相似文献
102.
103.
Ashli J. Sheidow Martha K. Strachan Joel A. Minden David B. Henry Patrick H. Tolan Deborah Gorman-Smith 《Journal of youth and adolescence》2008,37(7):821-829
Research examining the relationship between internalizing symptoms and antisocial behaviors has generally been cross-sectional
in design. Thus, although extant data have substantiated a strong correlation between internalizing symptoms and antisocial
behaviors, few studies have focused on describing the nature of the co-occurrence over time. This study examined the relation
between growth in internalizing symptoms and longitudinal patterns of antisocial behavior in a sample of 283 inner-city males
and their caregivers assessed as part of a longitudinal developmental risk study. Participants were assessed annually in four
waves. Non-offenders and escalating offenders had lower levels of internalizing problems at wave 1 than did chronic minor
and serious-chronic-violent offenders. Results revealed a developmental trend of decreasing internalizing problems across
study years for most participants, as would be expected, with adolescents participating in serious, chronic, and violent patterns
of antisocial behavior displaying greater internalizing problems than those participating in stable patterns of less serious
or no antisocial behavior. Further, when there was escalation of seriousness and frequency of antisocial behavior, there also
was increased internalizing problems relative to non-escalating juveniles. Results are discussed in the context of developmental
psychopathology.
相似文献
Ashli J. SheidowEmail: |
104.
Rethinking Timing of First Sex and Delinquency 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Harden KP Mendle J Hill JE Turkheimer E Emery RE 《Journal of youth and adolescence》2008,37(4):373-385
The relation between timing of first sex and later delinquency was examined using a genetically informed sample of 534 same-sex
twin pairs from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health, who were assessed at three time points over a 7-year
interval. Genetic and environmental differences between families were found to account for the association between earlier
age at first sex and increases in delinquency. After controlling for these genetic and environmental confounds using a quasi-experimental
design, earlier age at first sex predicted lower levels of delinquency in early adulthood. The current study is contrasted
with previous research with non-genetically informative samples, including Armour and Haynie (2007, Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 36, 141–152). Results suggest a more nuanced perspective on the meaning and consequences of adolescent sexuality than is commonly
put forth in the literature.
Kathryn Paige Harden, M.A. received a B.S. in Psychology from Furman University and is currently a doctoral candidate in Clinical Psychology at the University of Virginia. Her research interests include behavior genetic methodology, as well as the development of child and adolescent externalizing psychopathology. Jane Mendle, M.A. received a B.A. in Psychology from Amherst College and is currently a doctoral candidate in Clinical Psychology at the University of Virginia. Her research interests include the antecedents of pubertal and sexual development, and the consequences of early puberty for psychological adjustment. She is currently a predoctoral intern at New York Presbyterian Hospital in Manhattan. Jennifer E. Hill, M.A. received a B.A. in Psychology from Dartmouth University and is currently a graduate student in Clinical Psychology at the University of Virginia. Her research interests include the role of peer relationships in the development of adolescent alcohol use and delinquent behavior. Eric Turkheimer, Ph.D. received a Ph.D. in Clinical Psychology from the University of Texas. He is a Professor of Psychology and the Director of Clinical Training at the University of Virginia. His research focuses on quantitative issues in behavior genetics, gene–environment interaction in the development of intelligence, and measurement of personality and personality disorders. Robert E. Emery, Ph.D. received a Ph.D. in Clinical Psychology from the State University of New York at Stony Brook. He is a Professor of Psychology and the Director of the Center for Children, Families, and the Law at University of Virginia. His research focuses on family relationships and children’s mental health, including parental conflict, divorce, child custody, and associated legal and policy issues. 相似文献
K. Paige HardenEmail: |
Kathryn Paige Harden, M.A. received a B.S. in Psychology from Furman University and is currently a doctoral candidate in Clinical Psychology at the University of Virginia. Her research interests include behavior genetic methodology, as well as the development of child and adolescent externalizing psychopathology. Jane Mendle, M.A. received a B.A. in Psychology from Amherst College and is currently a doctoral candidate in Clinical Psychology at the University of Virginia. Her research interests include the antecedents of pubertal and sexual development, and the consequences of early puberty for psychological adjustment. She is currently a predoctoral intern at New York Presbyterian Hospital in Manhattan. Jennifer E. Hill, M.A. received a B.A. in Psychology from Dartmouth University and is currently a graduate student in Clinical Psychology at the University of Virginia. Her research interests include the role of peer relationships in the development of adolescent alcohol use and delinquent behavior. Eric Turkheimer, Ph.D. received a Ph.D. in Clinical Psychology from the University of Texas. He is a Professor of Psychology and the Director of Clinical Training at the University of Virginia. His research focuses on quantitative issues in behavior genetics, gene–environment interaction in the development of intelligence, and measurement of personality and personality disorders. Robert E. Emery, Ph.D. received a Ph.D. in Clinical Psychology from the State University of New York at Stony Brook. He is a Professor of Psychology and the Director of the Center for Children, Families, and the Law at University of Virginia. His research focuses on family relationships and children’s mental health, including parental conflict, divorce, child custody, and associated legal and policy issues. 相似文献
105.
Explanations of party competition and vote choice are commonly based on the Downsian view of politics: parties maximise votes by adopting positions on policy dimensions. However, recent research suggests that British voters choose parties based on evaluations of competence rather than on ideological position. This paper proposes a theoretical account which combines elements of the spatial model with the ‘issue ownership’ approach. Whereas the issue ownership theory has focused mainly on party competition, this paper examines the validity of the model from the perspective of both parties and voters, by testing its application to recent British general elections. Our findings suggest that as parties have converged ideologically, competence considerations have become more important than ideological position in British elections. 相似文献
106.
Jane Freedman 《Human Rights Review》2008,9(4):413-433
Criticisms have been made against international laws and conventions on asylum and refugees, arguing that these have been
based on a male model of definition, which have ignored women’s persecutions. This article will argue that recent developments
in European asylum policy have the potential to deepen this discrimination and to further reduce the rights of female asylum
seekers. Although there have been some positive developments in jurisprudence that have recognised that gender-specific persecution
may be the basis for granting asylum, these advances remain relatively sporadic and are undermined by the operation of random
and discretionary exercises of power by bureaucrats and decision makers in many cases. Further, although new developments
in asylum policy are in theory “gender neutral,” differences in the material circumstances of men and women who arrive to
seek asylum may mean in effect that the implications of these policies are deeply gendered.
相似文献
Jane FreedmanEmail: |
107.
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109.
Death-qualified jurors are generally able to impose the death penalty, whereas excludable jurors are generally either unable or unwilling to do so. A long line of research studies has shown that the former are more likely than the latter to convict criminal defendants. Ellsworth (1993) argues that jurors' attitudes toward the death penalty predict verdicts because they are embedded in a cluster of beliefs and theories about the criminal justice system. Her studies show that jurors interpret ambiguous conduct based on these belief structures. The present study examines the possibility that death penalty attitudes also influence jurors' conceptions of criminal intent. We showed mock jurors the filmed murder of a convenience store clerk and examined the inferences they drew from this evidence. Jurors who favored the death penalty tended to read criminal intent into the defendant's actions and jurors who opposed the death penalty were less likely to do so. These data provide further explanation of the conviction-proneness of death-qualified jurors. 相似文献
110.