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441.
Stephen W. Lucente William Fals-Stewart Henry J. Richards Jason Goscha 《Journal of family violence》2001,16(4):437-450
Incarcerated women with a history of substance abuse often experience intimate partner violence (IPV), both as victims and as perpetrators. The issues surrounding partner violence and substance abuse are complex, and accurate assessment of this population's experience is critical to ensure proper treatment planning and program development. One of the most common instruments with which to measure IPV is the Conflict Tactics Scales (CTS). Unfortunately, very little published data exist on the revised version of the Conflict Tactics Scales (CTS2), and no data could be located in the literature using this scale with incarcerated women. The purpose of this investigation was to examine the underlying factor structure and reliability of the CTS2 for 359 incarcerated women who had voluntarily participated in a 1–year long substance abuse treatment program. Item analysis revealed a high level of reliability for the overall scale as well as for the individual subscales. Additionally, results from the confirmatory multiple group factor analysis support the 5 underlying subscales, and taken together indicate that the scale is acceptable to use with this population. 相似文献
442.
443.
Population drug use in Australia: a wastewater analysis 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Irvine RJ Kostakis C Felgate PD Jaehne EJ Chen C White JM 《Forensic science international》2011,210(1-3):69-73
Accurate information on drug use in communities is essential if health, social and economic harms associated with illicit drug use are to be addressed efficiently. In most countries population drug use is estimated indirectly via surveys, medical presentations and police and custom seizures. All of these methods have at least some problems due to bias, small samples and/or long time delays between collecting the information and analysing the results. Recently the direct quantification of drug residues in wastewater has shown promise as a means of monitoring drug use in defined geographical areas. In this study we measured 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), methamphetamine and benzoylecgonine in sewage inflows in metropolitan and regional areas of Australia and compared these data with published European data. Cocaine use was small compared to European cities (p<0.001) but was compensated for by much greater consumption of methamphetamine (p<0.001) and MDMA (p<0.05). MDMA was more popular in regional areas (p<0.05) whereas methamphetamine and cocaine were mainly consumed in the city (p<0.05). Greater than 5-fold increases in MDMA use were detected on weekends (p<0.001). This approach has the potential to improve our understanding of drug use in populations and should be further developed to improve prevention and treatment programs. 相似文献
444.
445.
Jason Briggeman 《Public Choice》2009,141(3-4):481-491
Public choice scholars routinely claim that coercion can be used to solve the social dilemma. However, while social contract theorists have frequently described state-of-nature societies using game theory, they have not used game theory to show how coercive action within such societies can improve outcomes. Here I operationalize the concepts of coercion and governance within a Prisoners’ Dilemma (PD) framework; governance is operationalized as coercion to compliance, and to adopt a coercive strategy is to impose a strategy choice upon another player. I show that, under certain conditions, adding governance strategies to a noncoercive one-shot PD game can improve outcomes. 相似文献
446.
447.
Jason B. West Ph.D. ; Janet M. Hurley M.S. ; Francis Ö. Dudás Ph.D. ; James R. Ehleringer Ph.D. 《Journal of forensic sciences》2009,54(6):1261-1269
Abstract: Effectively addressing marijuana trade is aided by understanding marijuana geographic sources. We analyzed the 87 Sr/86 Sr of marijuana samples grown in 79 counties across the United States to determine if a primary geologic signal is retained in marijuana, which could therefore be useful for geographic sourcing. The marijuana results were compared with modeled bedrock 87 Sr/86 Sr values based on 87 Rb decay rates and a generalized geologic map of the U.S.A. A significant correlation was observed between marijuana 87 Sr/86 Sr and modeled bedrock 87 Sr/86 Sr. Although values clustered near the 1:1 relationship, there was a predominance of positive anomalies, perhaps attributable to carbonate bedrock. A small number of negative anomalies were also observed, which were generally associated with granitic bedrocks. These results suggest that strontium isotopes in marijuana record the geographic origins of marijuana, and that refinement of the base strontium map (or strontium isoscape) and improved understanding of other strontium sources would be productive. 相似文献
448.
Dan E. Krane Ph.D. ; Simon Ford Ph.D. ; Jason R. Gilder Ph.D. ; Keith Inman M.Crim. ; Allan Jamieson Ph.D. ; Roger Koppl Ph.D. ; Irving L. Kornfield Ph.D. ; D. Michael Risinger J.D. ; Norah Rudin Ph.D. ; Marc Scott Taylor ; William C. Thompson J.D. Ph.D. 《Journal of forensic sciences》2009,54(2):501-501
449.
Dan E. Krane Ph.D. ; Simon Ford Ph.D. ; Jason R. Gilder Ph.D. ; Keith Inman M.Crim. ; Allan Jamieson Ph.D. ; Roger Koppl Ph.D. ; Irving L. Kornfield Ph.D. ; D. Michael Risinger J.D. ; Norah Rudin Ph.D. ; William C. Thompson J.D. Ph.D. ; Marc S. Taylor B.S. 《Journal of forensic sciences》2009,54(6):1500-1501
450.
Many scholars have suggested that Americans' positions on gun control are the product of culture conflicts. This assertion has been largely based on associations of gun control opinion with membership in social groups believed to be hostile, or favorable, towards gun ownership, rather than with direct measures of the cultural traits thought to mediate the effects of group membership on gun control opinion. Data from a 2005 national telephone survey were analyzed to test competing theories of why people support handgun bans. Instrumental explanations, which stress belief in a policy's likely effectiveness, accounted for less than 25 percent of the variation in support. The results supported the culture conflict perspective. Those who endorsed negative stereotypes about gun owners, and who did not believe in the need to defend their own homes against crime (versus relying on the police) were more likely to support handgun bans. 相似文献