Analysis of sensitivity and specificity: precise recognition of neutrophils during regeneration of contused skeletal muscle in rats

In this report, we applied the TissueFAXS 200 digital pathological analysis system to rapidly and accurately identify neutrophils during regeneration of contused skeletal muscle, and to provide information for follow-up studies on neutrophils to estimate wound age. Rat injury model was established, and skeletal muscle samples were obtained from the control group and contusion groups at 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, and 6 h, as well as at 1, 3, 5, and 15 d post-injury (n = 5 per group). The expression of nuclei and neutrophils was detected by hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining and immunohistochemical (IHC) staining. A total of 20 injury site areas of 0.25 mm² (0.5 mm × 0.5 mm) were then randomly selected at all time points. A TissueFAXS 200 digital pathological analysis system was used to identify the positive and negative numbers. Knowledge of five professional medical workers were considered the gold standard to measure the false positive rate (FPR), false negative rate (FNR), sensitivity, specificity, and area under the curve (AUC) of receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. As a result, with a staining area of neutrophils from 8 µm² to 15 µm², the FPR was 4.28%–12.14%, the FNR was 12.42%–64.08%, the sensitivity was 35.92%–87.58%, the specificity was 87.86%–95.72%, the Youden index was 0.316–0.754, the accuracy was 82.80%–88.30%, and the AUC was 0.771–0.826. The AUC was largest when the cut-off value of the staining area was 12 µm². Our results show that this software-based method is more accurate than the human eye in evaluating neutrophil infiltration. Based on the sensitivity and specificity, neutrophils can be accurately identified during regeneration of contused skeletal muscle. The TissueFAXS 200 digital pathological analysis system can also be used to optimize conditions for different cell types under various injury conditions to determine the optimal cut-off value of the staining area and provide optimal conditions for further study. Furthermore, it will provide evidence for forensic pathology cases.     

泰姬陵与万里长城--中印世界遗产保护管窥

中国和印度同是世界文明古国,拥有璀璨夺目的世界遗产和人类文明。本文运用比较研究的方法,以印度泰姬陵和中国万里长城这两大最有代表性的世界遗产为研究目标,发掘中印在世界遗产保护和开发过程中存在的相似问题,以及两国值得互相借鉴的成功经验,最后借鉴国际世界遗产领域的先进理念,对中印未来“世遗”保护和管理工作提出了改进建议。以期抛砖引玉,引起两国管理者和民众对世界遗产可持续发展问题的关注。     

当前世界经济走势及其对中国的影响

今年上半年,在美国次贷危机继续发酵和油价暴涨等诸多因素的综合影响下,世界主要经济体和全球经济趋缓,通货膨胀加剧。由于困难因素远未缓解,美国经济低速增长还将持续一段时间,发展中国家经济将继续受到一定的拖累。在当前不确定的国际经济金融环境下,中国发展的挑战与机遇并存,只要积极、及时、灵活应对,就能趋利避害,使经济继续保持强劲发展势头。     

论行政判决的反射效力及其强度——以合法性否定判决为侧重

行政判决的反射效力是一种客观的超越既判力范围的影响力,它内在地包括反射性确定力、反射性拘束力和构成要件效力等.就其法理而言,行政判决在本质上即司法之于行政的合法性判断,其反射效力即源自于这种“合法性判断”本身.在其现实意义上,正是其反射效力而非既判力,延展了行政判决作用的广度和深度,提升了司法审查之于法治国家建设乃至整个社会文明进程之价值.挖掘并正视这种价值,或对近期《行政诉讼法》修改有所裨益.     

Responsibility Determination: Free Will and Legal Responsibility in the Age of Artificial Intelligence

Free will is the foundation of determination of responsibility. Genetic enginnering represented by technologies of gene editing, artificial medical devices and AI have fundamentally challenged the concept of free will and so have significantly influenced determination of legal responsibility. These challenges are fundamental, not instrumental, and can be divided into two aspects in legal philosophy. First, the direct challenge, that is, the emerging technology represented by genetic engineering and artificial narrow intelligence (ANI) has challenged the concept of free will. Second the would-be ultimate challenge, that is, presented by an artificial general intelligence (AGI) agent that is considered to reach humanlevel free will, can be a legal subject, thus taking full legal responsibility. The direct challenge constitutes a new “forgiveness” condition for taking responsibility. The would-be ultimate challenge deserves significant attention, because the concept of free will is not only about human responsibility, but also about human dignity.     

美国传媒控制的目的、方式和特点

舆论传媒在现代社会中的作用越来越重要,现代西方国家一直在探索宪政民主条件下的传媒控制。美国政府对传媒控制的主要目的是服务和服从于国家利益和国家安全,维护社会公共利益,营造有利于决策实施的氛围,操纵民意、影响选举。美国政府依据其传媒控制的目的,建构了控制传媒的体系,并形成了一系列控制传媒的特点。     

中国证券仲裁制度构建之探讨

本文分析了中国构建证券仲裁制度的可能性,并结合发达国家的实践确定了我国证券仲裁应采用的模式,并设计了专门的证券仲裁程序。     

浅析韦伯的新教伦理与传播伦理

伦理学是有关道德的哲学,其核心问题是“善”与“不善”。传播伦理是伦理学在传播领域的实践,是贯穿在整个传播进程中的道德观念。传播伦理中的道德不仅是调整各种关系的社会规范,更是一个民族在长期发展进程中,在传统文化笼罩下形成的一种集体的价值观与心理积淀,是传播过程中的无意识。本文主要分析了韦伯的新教伦理思想,并从传播文化价值观以及新闻叙述的视角分别阐述了传播伦理的历史追踪和现实折射。     

Tennis Splash

正The 15th session of the China Open tennis tournament wrapped up in Beijing on October 7 after 15 days of competition.Established in 2004, the annual men’s and women’s event features the highest level of competition and has the most players in Asia.It has witnessed the increase in popularity of tennis in China as well as the rise of Chinese players.     

也谈南海断续线的法律性质

南海断续线的法律性质对于澄清南海问题的实质及问题的解决具有重要意义。综合各种因素考虑,其作为岛屿(礁)归属线的性质可以确证,而海上国界线、历史性水域线及历史性权利线等表述均存在瑕疵,为巩固我国对线内水域的权利主张,除岛屿(礁)归属线外,将其同时界定为可管辖水域线较为可取。