农村“公共池塘”资源治理中的集体行动困境与制度分析——基于安徽桐城市青草镇黄砂资源过度采集问题的个案研究

奥斯特罗姆提出的自主治理制度为中国农村“公共池塘”资源治理中的集体行动困境的研究提供了一种新的思路.文章以安徽省桐城市青草镇黄砂资源过度采集可能导致的溃坝危险问题作为案例研究对象,基于奥斯特罗姆提出的自主治理理论,在2012年对安徽省桐城市青草镇进行了实地调研,分析了该地区黄砂资源过度采集问题出现的原因,总结了村民在黄砂资源过度采集制度中的合作困境,尝试进行理论阐释,同时提出解决该区域黄砂资源过度采集问题的治理建议,探讨建立黄砂资源采集制度的可能性,即相对于政府的直接经营和管理,相关利益各方为主体多方参与的自主治理制度可能更有效率,以期对于扩展我们对农村“公共池塘”资源治理中的集体行动困境和村民自治的研究具有重要的理论和实践意义.     

论民族文化的发展特性与动力--兼及区域经济与民族振兴

民族性与时代性、涵延性与主导性、兼容性与选择性等民族文化发展特性问题是学术理论界讨论的热点;从理论与历史的交叉视角来看,有必要深刻系统地认识中华民族传统与文化发展的动力之间的关系;应关注民族文化发展与区域经济振兴,各民族自身的经济文化发展和区域民族经济的共同振兴,这是当今我国实现现代化的关键问题.     

资本市场与国有经济的战略性调整

对国有经济进行战略性调整,离不开金融的支持和资本市场的运作,包括利用资本市场减持国有股份、筹集国有企业资本金、实施债权转股权以及促进国有企业资产结构的优化组合等。发展我国的资本市场,当前要着重解决好国有资产存量的上市流通问题;要大力发展投资银行业务,为国有企业资本结构调整服务;要建立健全地方性产权交易市场,促进国有中小企业的产权转让与流通。     

Letting “the people(s)” decide: peace referendums and power-sharing settlements

Referendums have been used to legitimate power-sharing settlements in deeply divided societies transitioning from conflict. This article assesses the capacity of referendum rules to facilitate the “voice” of multiple groups or “peoples” in the decision to share power as a “constitutional moment.” Drawing on the constitutional referendums in Northern Ireland in 1998 and Iraq in 2005, the author demonstrates that referendum rules matter in highlighting the variable degrees of support for the elite-negotiated deal on the part of the contending groups. The institutional design process prior to the referendum is crucial for incentivising groups to support the settlement, particularly the previously dominant group. When faced with a choice between a simple majority threshold and countermajoritarian procedures, majoritarianism is appropriate only in so far as the main groups see their constitutional preferences satisfied and concurrent majorities can be secured. A qualified majority referendum threshold to protect a minority group is appropriate for divided states where the groups are regionally concentrated and when the groups agree to such rules. Important for the legitimation of power-sharing, referendums highlight the likely variable extent of approval on the part of the main groups, necessitating ongoing efforts to foster public support for the deal.     

The Redirection of US Foreign Strategy against the Background of Globalization

American foreign strategy has had strong continuity since World War Ⅱ despite differences among successive presidents.Donald Trump's 2016 presidential campaign revealed ideas and goals for US strategy and strategy adjustment that differ significantly from those of predecessors.The decline in relative gains and rise in cost for US involvement in globalization are reasons for Trump to redirect US foreign strategy.The relative decrease of both US trade and foreign direct investment in the US,amid security threats and the identity crisis of the American people,has tremendously increased the pricetag for US involvement in globalization.     

Epidemiology of completed suicides in Singapore for 2001 and 2002

This study provides an analysis of 640 completed suicide cases in Singapore for the years 2001 and 2002, compared to previous years and in relation to demographic and socioeconomic factors, as well as to the characteristics of a subgroup of suicide victims with prior psychiatric illness. There was little change in the suicide pattern over the 2 years studied compared to previous years. The sex ratio was constant at 1.5. Population-adjusted ratios were 1 for Chinese, 0.5 for Malays, and >1 for both Indians and other ethnic groups. Falling from heights ranked first in terms of method adopted for both years. A disproportionately higher number of suicides were recorded for the 25-34 and the > or =75-year-old age groups. A total of 47 (17.2%) in 2001 and 74 (20.2%) in 2002 of the cases had a history of prior psychiatric illness, with psychotic disorders being the most common diagnostic category. There was also a statistically significant correlation between unemployment and incidence rates. Although the overall rate of elderly suicides had gone down since the 1990s, prevention strategy should focus on the elderly as this rate is still about 3-4 times the national average.     

论集体合同的效力

集体合同效力,即集体合同的法律效力,是指依法成立的集体合同对用人单位和所有劳动者具有的法律约束力。包括集体合同效力的形式(合同订立)、效力的判断(效力状态的评定)、效力的限制(附条件或附期限)、效力的范围(时间范围和空间范围等)、效力的实现(合同的履行)、效力的保障(违约责任)等诸多内容。集体合同效力是整个集体合同的核心,完善我国集体合同的效力对于发挥市场经济的作用、维护劳动者的权利等方面具有重大的意义。从法学理论的基础上来论述集体合同的效力,可以使得集体合同效力问题变得更为系统化、科学化,为集体合同效力及其它问题的研究奠定基础。     

论我国大学章程的制定与实施

大学章程高等学校设置的必要条件,是建立现代大学和推进依法治校的必然要求。本文分析了大学章程的内涵,阐述了制定大学章程的价值和意义,探讨了大学章程的建设方略。提出要明确大学章程与高等教育法、大学规章制度之间的关系,要加强大学章程制定的科学性和规范性,确保大学章程实施的有效性,为学校发展提供保障。     

马克思主义中国化的解释学反思

解释学视野有利于深入理解马克思主义的中国化运动。马克思主义中国化的实现形态是中国化的马克思主义,它与马克思主义理论本身是源与流的关系,中国化马克思主义理论体现了理解的一元性与多样化的辩证统一,评判中国化马克思主义的理解是否有效存在着客观标准。马克思主义中国化应注意扩大前理解的认知度,同时立足中国现实国情,实现马克思主义中国化与马克思主义本身的历史视域融合。