马来西亚农业部门中的合营企业

马来西亚农村发展战略的核心是由几个旨在使农村人口由传统的自然农业和小农部门转入现代化种植园部门的计划组成的。其中规模最大和成效最卓著的是联邦土地开发局执行的计划。但近十年来,政府对达到同一目标的另一种战略一建立商业性的农业项目发生了兴趣。迄今为止,有关联邦土地开发局计划的研究论文已发表了若干篇,但却未见有探讨这种商业性农业项目的论文。本文拟就公私企业合营的农业项目加以评论,     

现代经济中的市场关系——浅谈市场及其在经济生活中的作用

随着社会生活的发展与前进,在20世纪存在着两种实质上不同方式的经济生活,其中之一是集体所有制经济,或叫中央计划管理经济,而另一种则是市场经济.在某些时候,或在通常情况下,人们常常把那些进行商品交易,或从事商品买卖活动的固定场所称为市场.但是,在这里我们所确定的市场概念是,商品与金钱相互兑换的领域,也就是商品买卖的场所,同时还有下述含意,就是商品生产者与商品消费者在某个地区、某个国家或者是整个世界范围内的相互作用的商品交换关系.实践证明,市场经济能够有效地推动社会经济发展与社会进步.但是,市场经济本身也存在着一系列问题,比如说,社会应该生产什么样的商品,生产的数量是多少,商品质量如何,应满足     

中世纪的越南与柬埔寨:比较评论

这篇文章发表于英文《东南亚研究》1984年15卷2号,作者对中世纪越南与柬埔寨在思想、政治、社会等方面的异同问题作了扼要的比较评论,对我们了解外国学者的观点有一定帮助。谨译出以供参考。     

东南亚的军事力量对比

今年是第二次世界大战结束的四十个年头,地球上已经四十年没有发生世界大战了。但是,地区性战争并没有随着世界战争的结束而终止,从1945年到1980年,世界上共发生地区性战争430次,死亡人数多达3,000万人。引人注目的是,上述战争几乎全都发生在第三世界国家中,而东南亚也是一直发生着这种战争的地区之一。     

建立菲律宾发展中经济模型

一、引言人们由于认识到应用宏观经济模型的重要性,多年来一直进行着各种尝试来建立发展中经济模型。有些发展中经济模型产生于这样的假设:发展中经济的主要特点是供应紧缺。生产落后被公认为发展中国家的主要特征。而且,这些国家还存在着总需求不足的问题,它们的生产能力普遍利用不足可以说明这一点。但是供应定向型模型并不考虑     

苏联在第三世界(摘译)

这是一篇对苏联在第三世界的现实政策和未来动向的评论文章。它认为,苏联对第三世界的侵入和渗透是其一贯立场的必然结果;苏联对第三世界的大量援助是以自己的利益为目的的,是一种“掺假的外援”。接着,文章进一步分析了苏联在第三世界的动向——     

人的自我发展

发展就是越来越高的心理要求不断得到满足的过程。用马斯洛的话来说:"从人的天性中可以看出,人类总是不断地寻求一个更加充实的自我,追求更加完美的自我实现。从自然科学意义上说,这与一粒橡树迫切地希望长成橡树是相同的。"有一个现象很好地证明了这一点:有了心理发展才会心理健康;那些在心理上没能跟上生理成长的人,往往会呈现出心理和生理的病态来。     

Will the law come running? The potential role of "brain fingerprinting" in crime investigation and adjudication in Australia

A major feature of the Australian criminal justice system is that jurors assess witness credibility and are the ultimate finders of fact. Recognising the occasional fallibility of humans in detecting truth and deception, the jury's function may be assisted by highly regulated expert evidence about a variety of scientific techniques. A recent scientific development has been the invention of "brain fingerprinting" (BF) by Dr Larry Farwell in the United States. Brain fingerprinting measures brainwave functioning to detect awareness of crime-relevant information in order to distinguish between guilty and innocent suspects. This article considers whether BF could be used for crime investigation and adjudication in Australia. By examining the rules of expert evidence and the principles relating to "novel scientific evidence", the admissibility of BF in the various Australian jurisdictions is evaluated. The utility of BF in criminal investigations and counter-terrorism initiatives is also canvassed. The authors conclude that, at the present time, it is unlikely that expert testimony on BF will be admitted in Australian criminal trials. However, the technique potentially offers other benefits to the criminal justice system, thereby warranting its consideration as a "criminal and investigative tool of the future".     

Euthanasia and assisted suicide: a liberal approach versus the traditional moral view

Within the context of the debate over the recent suspended sentence given to John Stuart Godfrey by Underwood J in the Supreme Court of Tasmania for assisting his elderly mother with her suicide, this article examines some of the more popular arguments for and against the moral acceptability of euthanasia and assisted suicide. This article considers the arguments put forward on the "difference principle" by Rachels and Nesbitt before critically examining the liberal approach to the euthanasia issue as proposed by Kuhse. It is argued that whilst Kuhse is correct to reject the difference principle, she does so for the wrong reasons. The penultimate section of the article provides an overview of the traditional moral view against killing. The final part assesses whether the arguments put forward by proponents of the liberal approach are capable of overcoming this view.