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51.
Criminologists are increasingly interested in the effects of life-course dynamics on criminological development. However, detailed longitudinal data are difficult to obtain and possibly confounded due to recall errors. Life Event Calendars (LECs) are designed to reduce recall errors and are increasingly used as a method for obtaining valid retrospective data in criminological studies. Yet few studies exist that assess the accuracy of LEC data in offender samples. This study aims to fill this void. We compare data regarding the prevalence and timing of marriage, divorce, and childbirth obtained through an LEC to official registry data in a sample of convicted offenders. We examine whether the accuracy of the data vary by event or respondent specific characteristics. We conclude that the LEC data are quite accurate regarding the prevalence of marriage, divorce, and childbirth. The data are less accurate regarding the timing of these life events. 相似文献
52.
Selectively Incapacitating Frequent Offenders: Costs and Benefits of Various Penal Scenarios 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
A small number of offenders are responsible for a disproportionate share of total crime. Policy makers have been seeking to
reduce crime more efficiently by targeting corrections at these frequent offenders. Thus far, both macro- and micro-level
research have yielded mixed results regarding the effects of these kinds of selective policies. The current study uses data
from the Netherlands Criminal Career and Life-course Study to estimate the incapacitative effects of alternative selective
prison policies. Using the rolling cohorts method, implementations of various penal scenarios differing in selection rate,
sentence disparity and selective accuracy are simulated. Results show that it is hard for selective policies to yield a positive
societal result: costs of imprisonment typically exceed benefits gained from crimes prevented.
相似文献
Arjan A. J. BloklandEmail: |
53.
Grootelaar Hilke A. M. van den Bos Kees Ybema Jan Fekke Ansems Lisa F. M. 《Social Justice Research》2022,35(3):243-274
Social Justice Research - The current paper aims to provide insight into judges’ perceptions of how fairly they treat litigants and how important case outcomes are to litigants, and whether... 相似文献
54.
55.
This paper focuses on the question of why fairness matters to people. Extending on terror and uncertainty management theories and the literature on the self, it is proposed here that fairness can be a means of self-defense. Thinking of a situation that is threatening to the self therefore should make fairness a more important issue to people. The findings of two experiments support this line of reasoning: Asking participants to think about things that are threatening to themselves led to stronger reactions to manipulations of both procedural and distributive fairness. In the discussion it is argued that these findings suggest that fairness especially matters to people when they are trying to deal with threats to their selves. 相似文献
56.
A review of research on procedural and distributive justice shows that whereas distributive justice research has examined people's actual choice of outcomes, procedural justice research has paid little attention to the investigation of people's actual choice of procedures. In the present paper, three experiments are presented, all investigating people's actual choice of procedures. In all three experiments, participants were in a middle-management position where their subordinates demanded an opportunity to voice their opinion, while their superiors demanded that the subordinates should not be allowed voice. In Experiments 1 and 2 it was found that participants who were induced to identify with the low hierarchical group (subordinates) allowed more voice than participants who were induced to identify with the high hierarchical group (superiors), but that the effect of hierarchical group membership was absent when maximizing performance (Experiment 1) or participative values (Experiment 2) were explicitly emphasized. In Experiment 3 it was found that the effect of hierarchical group membership on procedural decision making was also evident in persons who progressed from identifying with both hierarchical groups to identifying with one hierarchical group. In the discussion it is argued that cross-fertilization between the fields of procedural and distributive justice will deepen our understanding of social justice in general. 相似文献
57.
58.
The study described in this article took place in a commercial production organization and a non-profit social welfare organization
(N = 377 and N = 582, respectively). The study investigates how group cohesiveness and absence tolerance separately and in tandem are related
to company registered absenteeism rates. As predicted, results support the hypotheses that absence tolerance is positively
related with absenteeism and interacts with low group cohesion to result in absenteeism. Contrasting earlier studies that
found highly cohesive groups to interact with absence tolerance, results of this study are the first to show that low group
cohesiveness interacts significantly with absence tolerance. That is, low cohesive groups counterintuitively are related to
the lowest levels of voluntary sickness absence together with intolerant views toward absence. This interaction effect is
found independently in two different organizations. 相似文献
59.
In the past few years, several countries in Sub-Saharan Africa conducted large scale demobilizations. These are positive signs and create opportunities for sustainable peace and human development. However, demobilization appears to be a complex process. It is closely linked to security issues; and the impact of demobilization depends largely on whether the ex-combatants are able to reintegrate. Demobilized soldiers and guerrilla fighters have usually great difficulties re-establishing themselves in civilian life. Frustrated ex-combatants may jeopardize the peace and development process. This paper identifies on the bases of the recent experiences some of the risks that are involved in demobilization and several conditions that have to be met in order for demobilization to attain a lasting positive impact on peace and human development in Africa. 相似文献
60.
Paul Nieuwbeerta Daniel S. Nagin Arjan A. J. Blokland 《Journal of Quantitative Criminology》2009,25(3):227-257
Using data from the Netherlands-based Criminal Career and Life-course Study the effect of first-time imprisonment between
age 18–38 on the conviction rates in the 3 years immediately following the year of the imprisonment was examined. Unadjusted
comparisons of those imprisoned and those not imprisoned will be biased because imprisonment is not meted out randomly. Selection
processes will tend to make the imprisoned group disproportionately crime prone compared to the not imprisoned group. In this
study group-based trajectory modeling was combined with risk set matching to balance a variety of measurable indicators of
criminal propensity. Findings indicate that first-time imprisonment is associated with an increase in criminal activity in
the 3 years following release. The effect of imprisonment is similar across offence types.
相似文献
Paul NieuwbeertaEmail: |