女职工假期设置对女性权益维护的影响及国际经验比较

在全面两孩的政策背景下,延长产假并不能提升生育意愿。对工作女性而言,只有降低育儿成本,她们才敢生;对用人单位,特别是非公企业而言,只有政府和全社会能够合理分担生育假期等成本,企业才有积极性,并惠及到生育男女职工;最终实现中国人口战略的转型,达成劳资政三赢的和谐局面,真正"增强人民群众的获得感和幸福感"。而且,维护女性权益也不能单纯从延长假期入手,随着男女之间地位和家庭责任的改变,一定要从工作生活平衡和男女共担家庭责任的角度,全面考量假期设置;同时,由于落实生育假期保护的关键在于用人单位,因此,如何减轻用人单位的负担,使它们有落实政策的积极性,就显得格外重要。     

“青年马克思主义者培养工程”的持续性和有效性——以辽宁“青马工程”为例

"青年马克思主义者培养工程"(1)是关乎到党和国家前途命运的一项工程。2007年开始启动的辽宁省"青年马克思主义者培养工程",在取得一定成果的同时也出现了一些问题。比如由于培养对象的不均衡,培养方法的简单和陈旧,培养内容的不统一导致的持续性和有效性等问题。这些问题的解决途径:一是以大学生作为培养重心,兼顾共青团干部与青年知识分子的培养,构建三者有机统一的培养体系;二是所建立的培养路径具有持续性和系统性;三是注重培养学员的社会实践能力和社会观察能力;四是形成制度化的培训教学模式。     

The Blue (White and Red) Orchestra: a soundtrack for the country that never was

The aim of the paper is to go beyond the commonly accepted view of Sarajevo’s Plavi orkestar (The Blue Orchestra) as the 1980s “teen pop-rock sensation” and illuminate the less conspicuous, but nevertheless crucial, political dimension of the band’s music and visual aesthetics. This will be done by discussing several “pieces of the puzzle” essential to understanding the background to and motivations behind Plavi orkestar’s political engagement in the second half of the 1980s: (1) the “Sarajevo factor;” (2) the Sarajevo Pop-rock School and the New Primitives “poetics of the local;” (3) the generational Yugoslavism; (4) the New Partisans “poetics of the patriotic;” and (5) the post-New Partisans “hippie ethos.” The concluding section of the paper will reflect on Plavi orkestar’s resurgence in 1998 and explore the question of the band’s continuing resonance within the post-Yugoslav and post-socialist contexts. An argument underlying the discussion of all of these elements is that Plavi orkestar’s Yugoslavism of the 1980s is best understood as a soundtrack for the country that never was (i.e. a popular-cultural expression of what, from the viewpoint of a particular generational cohort and its location in the “Yugoslav socialist universe,” the community they thought of as their own ought to have been but never really was), and that the current value of this soundtrack lies in offering not only a particular window into the pre-post-socialist past but also in being a symbolic referent for a certain kind of retrospective utopia that gauges the realities of the post-socialist – that is, neo-liberal capitalist – present and, in so doing, figures as a “normative compass” for the life of dignified existence.     

Deeper Commitment to Human Rights Treaties: Signaling and Investment Risk Perception

Why do some leaders make deeper commitments to human rights treaties (HRAs) by consenting to receive extra monitoring of complaints or communications from individual citizens? Extant theory suggests leaders join HRAs for tangible benefits. However, empirical support for this argument is mixed. To address this mismatch, we approach this question from a different angle. We argue that by ratifying HRAs, leaders send a signal that they are reliable partners who value future returns. Accepting optional articles and protocols that increase monitoring of the state’s human rights behavior, without changing the state’s substantive obligations, helps better signal that the regime does not fear instability nor sees the need to resort to the proscribed abuses in the future. This, in turn, serves as an important middle step to recognizing tangible benefits, such as foreign direct investment, by improving investors’ risk perception of ratified countries.     

论志愿精神的伦理意蕴与动力来源

以"奉献、友爱、互助、进步"为主要内容的志愿精神,是内蕴于志愿行动中的思想内核,是志愿行动在精神层面的提炼与升华。志愿精神包含着重要的道德体验和浓厚的伦理关怀,体现为丰富的责任伦理、人本伦理和服务伦理,使志愿行动表现出"为己"和"利他"相统一并重在"利他"的行为价值导向。志愿精神的动力来源,宏观层面来源于政策制度环境的保障,中观层面来源于志愿社会组织的勃兴,微观层面来源于公众公共精神的觉醒。     

刑事被害人当事人化的反思与制度重构

刑事被害人当事人化的实质是犯罪损害追诉方式的公私合一,该制度设计混淆了公益和私益两种不同性质的诉讼,导致两种权益保护相互冲突进而对刑事司法结果公正造成负面影响。公私分离是刑事被害人去当事人化的当然制度选择,其立法对策主要包括在刑事立法中确立被害人为特殊诉讼参与人、废除被害人在刑事审判中就定罪量刑发表意见的权利、废止被害人刑事自诉权和切断其引起刑事二审、再审的程序路径。同时需要完善相关配套举措,如允许被害人对其物质和精神损害单独提起民事诉讼、完善精神损害赔偿制度、建立刑事被害人国家补偿制度等。     

祖孙双单亲比对的匹配概率研究

目的推导祖孙双单亲比对的匹配概率(PMGDS)公式,并以随机模拟法进行验证。方法首先,根据定义推导PMGDS的数学公式,依据此公式在19个基因座上计算PMGDS的数值。其次,以随机模拟法设计实验,在19个基因座上计算PMGDS的模拟值。最后,以模拟值对比公式值的方式,对公式进行实验验证。结果研究获得了PMGDS的数学公式,经模拟实验验证显示出良好的符合。结论祖孙双单亲比对的错判概率较低,具有很好的应用价值。     

社会工作视角下高校辅导员的角色重塑与功能建构

当前深刻的社会变革和高等教育的大众化以及高校辅导员的工作实际状况要求高校辅导员要转变角色定位,向高校社工功能延伸,弥补高校思想政治教育和服务管理的缺位.其有效的路径是:加强高校辅导员职业化、专业化建设,健全和完善高校辅导员制度;培育高校辅导员社会工作价值理念,提高高校辅导员自身的素质和能力,完善其知识结构,掌握学校社会工作的理论、方法和手段,使专业社会工作成为高校学生工作的有机整合体.     

新失业国企工人“城市游民”趋势研究——以郑州市为例

本文通过对游民的发展历史和概念探讨,重新界定了城市游民。认为从基本生存状态和谋生方式来看,脱离国企后的新失业国企工人,"游"的特性较为显著,出现向"城市游民"的发展趋势。但由于市民身份的优势,其稳定性和安定性又是游民所不具备的,他们又具有重新稳定下来的可能。     

法律行为框架中的股东表决权制度

表决权虽名为权利,但在资本多数决的股东大会决议机制下却分化为意思表达权和形成权两种性质各异的权利,而其原因在于股东大会决议行为的特殊法律行为属性和特殊法律效力,在于股东表决的不同性质——意思通知和单方法律行为,并由此导致对一系列关乎股东表决权制度的重新评价和审视,如表决权排除、类别股东表决、异议股东股份购买请求权以及资本多数决的决议机制等。