The political process and the use of debt financing by state governments

Empirical evidence offered in this study suggests that decisions by state government officials to effect debt-financed spending depend in part on the state's gubernatorial election cycle. More specifically, the results reveal relative increases in state debt issues in anticipation of elections, and furthermore, they reveal that such increases are more significant for states characterized by high interparty political competition. While theoretical limitations preclude a definitive explanation for these results, the evidence is consistent with a view of state political markets where incumbent parties manipulate public policy so as to enhance the probability of success in pending elections. This insight is significant in that it suggests a relationship between public policy decisions and election cycles in a context heretofore unexplored.     

养老服务业的市场需求分析

老龄化程度的不断加深,为我国养老服务业的发展提供了客观需要和外在的基础条件。本文首先阐述了养老服务业的市场构成和影响养老服务业市场需求的诸多因素,然后在消费者调查的基础上,着重分析了我国养老服务业的市场需求潜力。     

提高财政学课程教学质量的几点思考

财政学课程的教学质量受教材编写质量、教学内容及教学方法三大因素的影响。当前，财政学课程在教材编写、教学内容及教学方法方面存在的问题制约着财政学教学质量的提高，因此，要提高财政学课程的教学质量需要从这三个方面入手采取相应对策。     

论战后美对日关系中的绥靖主义

:二战后 ,美国从自己的私利出发对日本实行绥靖主义政策。这一政策推动日本逐步实现其政治大国和军事大国的目标 ,对亚太地区甚至整个国际政治的发展产生了诸多不利影响。而美国推行这一政策的结果与其初衷也可能会背道而驰     

和谐语境中的国际民事司法协助考量

和谐强调一种更高要求和层次上的配合,其意味着冲突的消弭,而国际私法以解决法律冲突为根本任务,其中的国际民事司法协助通过国际合作的方式体现了这一价值追求.和谐与国际私法是否存在联系?存在怎样的联系?其作为一种价值范畴对于国际私法是含是可欲的?带此疑问对国际私法中程序法领域的国际民事司法协助进行具体制度上的考量,以期获得一种对和谐与国际私法内在关系上的认识.     

当代中国利益集团利益表达行为的特征及趋势

当代中国利益集团表达行为的总体特征为：整体性、不平衡性、群体化、社团化及从注重物质利益向要求政治权利过渡。     

中国制造业走出国门的知识产权保护问题

入世后,中国产业尤其是制造业面临着专利技术侵权的严峻考验,在国际大企业不断的侵权诉讼中,寻找问题的关键和突破重围成为国内企业走出国门的当务之急。本文结合2003年里发生的中国制造业在国内外所受的专利侵权案件,分析其产生的原因,以江苏省制造业为例,试对我国制造业在WTO大背景下出口的知识产权保护问题提出相应的解决方案。     

Policy Expansion in Local Government Environmental Policy Making

Relatively little is known about when, why, and how some jurisdictions “double down” on policy priorities, rapidly adopting multiple measures tackling the same issue. Rapid policy expansion can emerge in fast‐evolving, uncertain, and contested policy arenas in which pressures for policy making are not satisfied, and even may be strengthened, by initial policy innovation. This article analyzes local government policy making on high‐volume hydraulic fracturing by New York State municipalities from 2008 to 2012. Policy path dependence, peer influence, and policy design appear to play a critical role in determining whether public officials respond to these pressures with policy expansion. Initial policy innovations can open windows for policy participants to secure additional measures that strengthen or enlarge the scope of action. Public officials and stakeholders seeking particular policy outcomes should take a long view of the policy process while simultaneously remaining alert for opportunities afforded by pressurized policy dilemmas.     

Creating Broader Research Impacts through Boundary Organizations

Climate science research documents and predicts changes in the physical environment. This information informs policy decisions and public programs through the design of human interventions that promote adaptive management. Since the early 2000s, federal funding has led to the creation of transdisciplinary regional climate workgroups to facilitate integrative knowledge coproduction and promote shared use of research results by scientific and nonscientific stakeholders. Labeled “boundary organizations,” these workgroups are tasked with facilitating partnerships between climate science researchers and practitioners with expertise in multiple physical and social science disciplines. When these organizations are successful, scientific findings and practitioner experiences are integrated to synergistically create usable knowledge about adaptive management that provides direct public value and creates broader societal impacts. This article explores the broader impacts provided by these boundary organizations through the establishment of regional research agendas and the communication of research results in ways that influence regional public policy and promote adaptive management.