刘少奇在华北抗战中

1935年夏．日本帝国主义对华北发动了新的侵略．严重威胁了中华民族的生存。同年12月。为反对日本帝国主义策划“华北无省自治”而爆发了震惊全国的“一二九”运动,从此华北和全国的抗日救亡运动都随之走向高潮。为了开创华北抗战的新局面,     

城市农民工阶层化问题探讨

随着改革开放以来中国社会转型以及城市化进程加速,城市农民工内部已经发生了阶层分化,从上到下依次划分为准市民身份的农民工、自我雇佣的个体农民工、依靠打工维生的农民工、失业农民工、失地农民工这五个阶层。经济收入的差异是导致城市农民工内部发生分化的最直接、最本质的原因。农民工阶层化未来发展将呈现出城市农民工数量持续增加,农民工阶层在经济层面进一步分化,农民工阶层由基础的经济层面的分化进一步转向政治和社会层面的分化,城市农民工的阶层流动从自发转为自为等趋势。     

美国工会应对经济危机的政策措施及启示

经济危机给美国工人阶级带来重大影响。美国工会视危机为创新工会工作和发展工会的大好时机,积极从国家层面和地区层面上采取措施积极应对经济危机以保护工人权益,虽然在宏观上收效甚微,但是其在地区层面上采取的策略和方法收效较好,值得我国工会借鉴。     

收入不平等和经济危机:战略与政策——第四届亚欧劳工国际论坛综述

长期主导全球经济的新自由主义经济模式导致了2008年以来的经济危机,使收入不平等分化更加严重,加剧了社会不同群体之间的对立,影响了国家凝聚力和社会信心,破坏了社会稳定与安宁.解决收入不平等加剧,对策上要制定收入增长战略,改革收入分配,促进经济持续的包容性增长;政策上要改革税收制度、建立社会保障制度、实行最低工资标准、加强劳动力市场监管、减少非正规就业等.各国工会积极采取各种措施应对收入不平等的加剧,切实保护工人权益.     

Youth Adversities Amplify the Association between Adult Stressors and Chronic Inflammation in a Domain Specific Manner: Nuancing the Early Life Sensitivity Model

There is strong evidence that chronic, systemic inflammation hastens onset of the diseases of old age that ultimately lead to death. Importantly, several studies suggest that childhood adversity predicts chronic inflammation. Unfortunately, this research has been plagued by retrospective reports of childhood adversity, an absence of controls for adult stressors, and a failure to investigate various competing models of the link between childhood adversity and chronic inflammation. The present study was designed to address these limitations. Using 18 years of data collected from 413 African Americans (58% female) included in the Family and Community Health Study, hierarchical regression analyses provided support for a nuanced early life sensitivity explanation for the link between early adversity and adult chronic inflammation. Controlling for health risk behaviors and adult SES, late childhood (ages 10–12) adversity amplified the association between adult adversity (age 29) and chronic inflammation. This interaction operated in a domain-specific fashion. Harsh parenting amplified the relation between intimate partner hostility and inflammation, whereas early discrimination amplified the relation between adult discrimination and inflammation. These findings suggest that individuals may be primed to respond physiologically to adverse adult circumstances that resemble those experienced earlier in life.

     

Correction to: Age Patterns in Risk Taking Across the World

Journal of Youth and Adolescence - In the original publication, the legends for Figs 4 and 5 were incorrect, such that each regression line was mislabeled with the incorrect country. Below are the...     

莫迪执政以来印度海洋安全战略的观念与实践

2014年莫迪在印度执政以来,引领印度经济持续快速发展,印度其对外贸易、国内民生与国家安全对海洋的依赖越来越高。莫迪政府清醒认识到海洋特别是印度洋对印度的安全与发展的关键意义,并于2015年起适时调整海洋安全战略,将2007年确立的以“自由使用海洋”为主题的海上军事战略在有所继承的基础上调整为以“确保安全的海洋”为主题的海洋安全战略。这说明印度在自由使用海洋的过程中,遭遇了多样的海上安全挑战。来自海上以及发生在海上的安全风险直接影响到印度的对外贸易和海上运输、海洋经济活动的展开、海岸和港口城市的安全、海外资产与海外公民的安全,最终危及印度的国家安全。印度调整海上安全战略,明确以印度洋地区为首要利益区,同时加强以印度海军为主体的海上安全保障力量,为之确立多样任务目标下的军事战略,并积极采取有针对性的海上军事行动。同时,印度政府还通过外交手段,与周边邻国、关键的地区大国或国家集团以及全球大国建立双边和多边海上安全机制来应对多样的海上安全威胁,维护海洋安全,最终服务于印度的经济发展和国家安全,并为印度寻求印度洋的主导地位积累资本、创造条件。     

How Voluntary Environmental Programs Reduce Pollution

This article investigates the mechanisms that voluntary environmental program (VEP) participants adopt to reduce pollution. The focus of this article is the 33/50 program, a VEP introduced by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency in 1991 and discontinued in 1995. The program called for emissions reductions for 17 chemicals reported to the Toxics Release Inventory. Using a sample of approximately 12,000 plants, the relationship between 33/50 program participation and adoption of pollution reduction practices is studied for three time periods, 1991–1995 (program life), 1996–2004, and 2005–2013. These practices include source reduction activities (SRAs) and recycling, recovery, and treatment (RRTs). The major findings are that during the program's life, 33/50 participants showed increased adoption of SRAs and RRTs for both targeted and nontargeted chemicals. However, once the program ended, higher adoption rates persisted for RRTs only, with a shift in emphasis toward treatment over recycling and recovery.     

社会影响力债券模式下的养老服务合作治理

老龄化社会的迫近使我国养老社会服务供给面临巨大压力,倡导多元合作供给,创新理论、方法和实践已经成为解决我国老年社会服务问题的必由之路.在文献研究的基础上,创新性地利用社会影响力债券这一方兴未艾的社会治理工具,联结政府、市场和社会组织,使三方共存于同一个利益诉求整合、平等磋商协作的框架下,能够为我国社会养老服务的合作治理提供更高效的供给模式和更稳固的合作模式.以老年健康服务为例,基于社会影响力债券的运作理念,构建社会影响力债券的合作模式,关键是需要以政府、市场、社会组织与评估机构共同为主体;以实现提供高质量的养老健康服务、节省政府开支、提高资金效率为目标;以第三方评估和数字物联网技术实现过程涵盖式的结果控制.同时,坚持基于成功结果导向的付费机制,倡导互信,维护多元互益的合作机制.基于社会影响力债券的养老服务合作治理模式能为破解社会养老困局提供参考.     

网络时代的编辑素质

目前,网络媒体仍以其巨大的优势不断渗入人们的生活,同时,传统意义的编辑活动也正在进行着一场"革命",网络时代的编辑活动因其自身特点,对编辑的素质也提出了新的需求.