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Aslihan Arslan Romina Cavatassi Federica Alfani Nancy Mccarthy Leslie Lipper Misael Kokwe 《发展研究杂志》2018,54(3):457-480
Climate change is posing an increasingly severe challenge to agricultural livelihoods due to increased frequency and intensity of extreme weather events. Livelihood diversification can play an important role in decreasing food insecurity and vulnerability under these challenges. This paper contributes to the literature on livelihood diversification and vulnerability under climate change to assess the role of diversification as part of a Climate-Smart Agriculture strategy by analysing the determinants of diversification, income and poverty in Zambia using panel data. We specifically focus on the roles of climate shocks and institutions in shaping these linkages to highlight policy insights to improve resilience. 相似文献
284.
Jennifer L. Matjasko Belinda L. Needham Leslie N. Grunden Amy Feldman Farb 《Journal of youth and adolescence》2010,39(9):1053-1066
Using a variant of the ecological-transactional model and developmental theories of delinquency on a nationally representative
sample of adolescents, the current study explored the ecological predictors of violent victimization, perpetration, and both
for three different developmental stages during adolescence. We examined the relative influence of individual and family characteristics,
peers, and neighborhood characteristics on the odds of experiencing violent victimization and perpetration over time with
two waves of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health for those adolescents who reported no exposure to violence
at Wave 1 (N = 8,267; 50% female; 59% Caucasian; 17% African-American; 14% Hispanic). We found that more proximal factors differentiated
between different experiences with violence at Wave 2. Also, negative peers significantly differentiated between violent victimization
and perpetration, and this influence was strongest in early adolescence. In exploratory analyses, we found that middle adolescents
were particularly vulnerable to their disadvantaged neighborhoods for a high-risk group. This analysis is one of the few that
considers multiple ecological contexts simultaneously and provides support for developmental differences within adolescence
on the influence that peers and neighborhoods have in predicting violent victimization and perpetration. 相似文献
285.
Leslie Ellen Shear 《Family Court Review》2023,61(3):510-521
Navigating the family court setting to protect teen mental health, meet teens' mental health needs, and promote resilience and coping skills is challenging. We have tools that can help us meet that challenge. That toolkit includes: expanding who is involved in the work to develop a parenting plan or treatment plan; not reducing the case to a one-dimensional fact pattern; restructuring family court proceedings for ongoing problem-solving, providing protections for the teen's privacy; using consensual dispute resolution and adjudication on parallel tracks; and educating the decision makers through expert declarations and Brandeis briefs (even at the trial court level). 相似文献
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Menotti-Raymond MA David VA Wachter LL Butler JM O'Brien SJ 《Journal of forensic sciences》2005,50(5):1061-1070
A forensic genotyping panel of 11 tetranucleotide STR loci from the domestic cat was characterized and evaluated for genetic individualization of cat tissues. We first examined 49 candidate STR loci and their frequency assessment in domestic cat populations. The STR loci (3-4 base pair repeat motifs), mapped in the cat genome relative to 579 coding loci and 255 STR loci, are well distributed across the 18 feline autosomes. All loci exhibit Mendelian inheritance in a multi-generation pedigree. Eleven loci that were unlinked and were highly heterozygous in cat breeds were selected for a forensic panel. Heterozygosity values obtained for the independent loci, ranged from 0.60-0.82, while the average cat breed heterozygosity obtained for the 11 locus panel was 0.71 (range of 0.57-0.83). A small sample set of outbred domestic cats displayed a heterozygosity of 0.86 for the 11 locus panel. The power of discrimination of the panel is moderate to high in the cat breeds examined, with an average P(m) of 3.7E-06. The panel shows good potential for genetic individualization within outbred domestic cats with a P(m) of 5.31E-08. A multiplex protocol, designed for the co-amplification of the 11 loci and a gender-identifying locus, is species specific and robust, generating a product profile with as little as 0.125 nanograms of genomic DNA. 相似文献
288.
Most major transnational corporations (TNCs) are domiciled in the First World and are owned and controlled largely by citizens of these countries. On the basis of an analysis of the largest corporations outside the USA by revenues published annually by Fortune magazine since the 1950s, this paper demonstrates that there have been major corporations from the Third World for decades. Most of the literature on Third World TNCs concentrates on the large number of relatively small companies that have operations abroad in low technology sectors. The argument of this paper is that systematic study of major corporations from the Third World is important for debates about the national bourgeoisie, comprador capitalism and the controversy that currently surrounds the contentious concepts of the developmental state and globalization. 相似文献
289.
Does democracy influence economic policymaking and outcomes? Our study investigates the implications of Dahl's two dimensions of democracy (‘polyarchy’): contestation/competition and inclusion/participation. We hypothesize that increases in democratic competition inspire policy incrementalism, thus lowering growth volatility and generating fewer deep crises. Meanwhile, increases in substantive democratic inclusion – genuine political voice, or democratic participation in the presence of a minimum of contestation – should increase the political weight of relatively poor voters, who have a differentially strong aversion to deep growth crises. A statistical analysis of 149 countries for 1961–98 finds greater democracy associated with fewer years of sharply negative growth (‘crisis’), with both democratic contestation and substantive inclusion contributing to this outcome. Our conclusions question the wisdom of designing economic policy institutions that are intentionally insulated from the democratic process. 相似文献
290.
Judges are under pressure both to combat crime with longer prison sentences and to increase the use of sentencing options which permit use of a graduated system of dispositions which can be used to rehabilitate offenders. The judges are faced with overcrowded prisons and a general lack of the community programs recommended by many professional organizations and scholars. It is recommended here that judges take an active role in encouraging the development of community-based alternatives such as local work release. This study found that a male judge is a more effective communicator than a bailiff and that he could cause a change in attitude toward work release in a sample of citizens. Thus, judges can anticipate some degree of success if they choose to participate in efforts to develop community support for sentencing alternatives. 相似文献