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221.
222.
Bernard Wood 《Society》2013,50(2):152-155
Four-field anthropology departments are no longer in a ‘steady state’. Their integrity is threatened by a combination of internal and external developments. It remains to be seen whether they, in combination, are powerful enough to break the historic bonds that have united them for nearly a century. 相似文献
223.
Johanna Becho Sandra K. Burge David A. Katerndahl Robert L. Ferrer Robert C. Wood 《Journal of family violence》2013,28(3):243-251
This mixed methods study observed day-to-day dynamics of husband-to-wife abuse. Daily reporting and weekly interaction with a research associate appeared to offer great benefit. A sample of 20 women age 20–62, were enrolled. Participants at high risk for abuse were excluded. Women who met the inclusion criteria completed a baseline questionnaire. Participants were instructed to complete a daily telephone assessment for 60 days to track the prior day’s abuse severity and potential violence predictors. Participants also completed a qualitative end-of-study interview. Women reported an increased awareness of community resources, heightened self-esteem and coping empowerment. Seven women (35 %) left their abusive relationships. Women who left were more educated but had lower socio-economic status (SES). Participants in common-law marriages were also more likely to leave. The unforeseen consequences of daily reporting coupled with regular contact with an engaged listener were positively associated with a woman’s readiness for change. 相似文献
224.
Six years ago, the International Initiative for Impact Evaluation (3ie) launched a programme to promote and fund replication studies of impact evaluations in international development. We designed the programme with the objective of improving the quality of evidence for development policy-making, using replication research to both validate the results of published impact evaluations and build the incentives for more transparent and high quality research going forward. The programme’s focus is internal replication, which uses the original data from a study to address the same question as that study. This Journal of Development Studies special issue compiles the majority of completed 3ie-funded replication studies initiated in the first years of the programme. In all cases the pure replication components of these studies are generally able to reproduce the results published in the original article. Most of the measurement and estimation analyses confirm the robustness of the original articles or call into question just a subset of the original findings. These replication studies mostly focus on providing additional information about the impacts of the interventions – especially additional information that can be important for interpreting the articles for the purpose of policy-making. 相似文献
225.
To improve overall market sustainability, governments and their donors are ramping up efforts to strengthen stewardship in developing country health markets. Key stewardship functions include generating intelligence that enable policymakers, ministerial leaders, and program managers to develop evidence‐based policies and strategies to improve the resource management, supply, and use of health products and services. The total market approach (TMA), an analytic and policy framework, generates market intelligence and improves evidence‐based decision‐making, and also strengthens other stewardship functions, such as building and sustaining partnerships, strengthening tools for implementation, aligning government policy with market interventions, and ensuring accountability/transparency. TMA evolved in response to the phase out of donor support for reproductive health (RH) and family planning (FP) programs and the need to improve coordination among public, private, nongovernmental organizations, and civil society to achieve greater equity, health impact, and market sustainability. To assess TMA's role in strengthening the stewardship of RH/FP markets, this article reviews three countries that applied TMA principles: Mali, Uganda, and Kenya. It identifies how TMA processes influenced stewardship functions and assesses to what degree these processes have contributed to concrete actions to improve market efficiency and sustainability. 相似文献
226.
Lisa Hill 《Critical Review of International Social and Political Philosophy》2015,18(6):652-660
In this article, I focus on Chapters 4 and 5 of On the People’s Terms, chapters that deal with democratic influence and control. I take an applied political science approach to how Pettit’s republic might be practically achieved by exploring the under-appreciated capacity of elections to mobilise the resistance-prone, contestatory public upon which his republicanism depends. Whereas Pettit tends to focus on public contestation between elections and only demands that the public has the opportunity to vote when elections are held, I argue that they should be given a more prominent role within his republic and further, that access to voting is not enough: rather, citizens should actually vote. In order to ensure that participation is socially inclusive and that the public’s attempts at influence are ‘individualised’, ‘unconditioned’ and ‘efficacious’ in the manner Pettit desires, I suggest that compulsory voting should be a major pillar of his republicanism. 相似文献
227.
Johnson MW Stoll L Rubio A Troncoso J Pletnikova O Fowler DR Li L 《Journal of forensic sciences》2011,56(5):1198-1205
We tested the independent utility of β-amyloid precursor protein (β-APP) immunohistochemical staining as evidence of brain trauma in the deaths of young children. Blinded reviewers retrospectively reviewed immunostained brain tissues from homicidal deaths, age-matched control cases without evidence of trauma, as well as cases of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). The reviewers correctly identified five of the seven cases with documented inflicted head trauma. However, one of seven age-matched control cases and one of 10 SIDS/sudden unexplained death in infancy (SUDI) cases demonstrated staining patterns similar to those seen in cases of inflicted trauma. We discuss these cases and the circumstances surrounding them with the intent to explain the difficulties associated with immunohistological interpretation of axonal injury. Although the utility of β-APP is quite powerful if not confounded by global hypoxic-ischemic injury, ultimately, β-APP studies should be only one piece of information in the determination of cause and manner of death. 相似文献
228.
Hunting many types of wild game is an avidly pursued outdoor activity that attracts all ages and both genders at various times of the year. Deer hunting is a popular sport in many regions of North America. A variety of weapons are used in the hunting, trapping, and killing of game. As a variety of different modalities are used, myriad types of injuries unique to the type of hunting can occur. Most deer hunting-related fatalities identified at the Office of the Chief Medical Examiner in Kentucky are accidental firearm injuries. Less commonly encountered are fatalities resulting from elevation of the hunter in a tree stand, often associated with poor design or construction of the perch. We present 2 tree stand-related deaths. One victim died of positional asphyxia due to reverse suspension from a hunting tree stand. The second victim died of multiple blunt force injuries sustained in a 20-foot fall from a tree stand. We summarize the features of morbidity and mortality related to deer hunting based on investigations by the Office of the Chief Medical Examiner. 相似文献
229.
Adolescents may engage in risk behaviors that jeopardize their futures. Although adolescent risk-taking has long been attributed
to faulty decision making, surprisingly little research has directly examined this link. This study examined the role of deliberative
decision making (the tendency to consider options and consequences before making a decision) and social contextual variables
(parenting and friend influences) in alcohol and drug use, risky sex, and delinquency. Participants were 7,748 adolescents
(50% female) in grades 7–11 from the Add Health dataset (M age = 14.87, SD = 1.54). Hierarchical regression analyses revealed that deliberative decision making and contextual variables
were associated with risk behavior concurrently and 1 year later. Furthermore, deliberative decision making interacted with
social contextual variables in some models, indicating that deliberative decision making may be especially important in certain
contexts. These findings suggest that both cognitive and social factors need to be considered to explain adolescents’ decisions
to engage in risk behavior. 相似文献
230.
How Do I Feel About Feelings? Emotion Socialization in Families of Depressed and Healthy Adolescents
Erin C. Hunter Lynn Fainsilber Katz Joann Wu Shortt Betsy Davis Craig Leve Nicholas B. Allen Lisa B. Sheeber 《Journal of youth and adolescence》2011,40(4):428-441
Emotional and cognitive changes that occur during adolescence set the stage for the development of adaptive or maladaptive
beliefs about emotions. Although research suggests that parents’ behaviors and beliefs about emotions relate to children’s
emotional abilities, few studies have looked at parental socialization of children’s emotions, particularly in families with
depressed adolescents. The present study examined associations between parent and adolescent meta-emotion philosophies (MEP),
defined as thoughts, reactions, and feelings about their own emotions. Additionally, adolescent depressive status was tested
as a moderator of relationships between parents’ and adolescents’ MEP. One hundred and 52 adolescents, aged 14–18 (65.8% female),
and their parents (148 mothers, 106 fathers) participated in a study on emotion socialization in families of depressed and
healthy adolescents. Depressed adolescents (n = 75) and matched healthy adolescents (n = 77) were recruited based on research criteria for mental health status. The sample was largely Caucasian (82%) and of middle
socioeconomic class status. Results indicated that mothers’ and fathers’ MEP about their children’s emotions were associated
with adolescents’ MEP, although parents’ MEP about their own emotions was unrelated to adolescents’ MEP. Fathers’ MEP about
children’s emotions made unique contributions to adolescents’ MEP across both adolescent groups. Adolescents’ depressive status
moderated the relationship between mothers’ and adolescents’ MEP such that mothers’ MEP was particularly relevant for depressed
adolescents. The continued influence of parents in the emotional lives of adolescents is discussed as well as differences
in emotion socialization in families with depressed and healthy adolescents. 相似文献