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201.
Methods to estimate adult age from observations of skeletal elements are not very accurate and motivate the development of better methods. In this article, we test recently published method based on the acetabulum and Bayesian inference, developed using Coimbra collection (Portugal). In this study, to evaluate its utility in other populations, this methodology was applied to 394 specimens from four different documented Western European collections. Four strategies of analysis to estimate age were outlined: (a) each series separately; (b) on Lisbon collection, taken as a reference Coimbra collection; (c) on Barcelona collection, taken as a reference both Portuguese collections; and (d) on London collection taken as reference the three Iberian collections combined. Results indicate that estimates are accurate (83-100%). As might be expected, the least accurate estimates were obtained when the most distant collection was used as a reference. Observations of the fused acetabulum can be used to make accurate estimates of age for adults of any age, with less accurate estimates when a more distant reference collection is used. 相似文献
202.
The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of physical and emotional abuse in Portuguese juvenile dating
relationships and to investigate attitudes about these forms of violence. A sample of 4,667 participants, aged 13 to 29 years,
completed two questionnaires, one behavioral and one attitudinal. At least one act of abuse perpetrated by a dating partner
during the previous year was reported by 25.4% of participants (13.4% reported to have been victims of physical abuse and
19.5% of emotional abuse). Abuse of a partner was reported by 30.6% of participants; at least one act of physical abuse was
reported by 18.1% and of emotional abuse by 22.4%. The attitudinal data revealed, however, a general disapproval of violence
use. Violence support was higher among males, participants with lower educational and social status and those who had never
been involved in a dating relationship. Women reported more acts of partner abuse than males; no gender differences were found
regarding self-reported victimization. Both perpetration and victimization were reported more by older students. Although
university students tend to report more acts of general and emotional abuse against their partners, students from professional
schools are more represented among both perpetrators and victims of physical and severe violence. The best predictors of violence
were educational status and attitudes toward partner. 相似文献
203.
Spanish legislation against trafficking in human beings: punitive excess and poor victims assistance
Francisco Javier De León 《Crime, Law and Social Change》2010,54(5):381-409
The article seeks to provide a perspective of human trafficking as one of the fastest growing criminal activities of the last
few years in the area of organised crime and one that affects human beings’ most basic rights. In the main, the response to
the problem has been its criminal prosecution, but without tackling the issues of need that underlie this conduct and which
the traffickers take advantage of to abuse, assail and exploit the people they traffic. In this context, the evolution of
Spanish legislation in terms of the criminalisation of this problem has made it one of the most repressive, although there
is no clear evidence of its effectiveness. This punishment, which covers a wide range of criminal conducts, has not however
been accompanied by any policies to support and integrate the victims of trafficking, which has led to a large number of victims
being subjected to slavery who, in the majority of cases, fall under the control of the trafficking networks again. 相似文献
204.
Mikel Buesa Joost Heijs Thomas Baumert Javier González Gómez 《Terrorism and Political Violence》2013,25(4):489-509
This article attempts to measure the direct costs that the terrorist attacks of 3/11 had on the economy of the region of Madrid. The evaluation has been made applying conservative criteria, and the results obtained have to be considered as minimum. The result indicates that the terrorist attacks caused a loss of nearly 212 million euros to the regional economy of Madrid, equivalent to 0.16 percent of the regional GDP (0.03 of the national GDP). This confirms that the immediate economic dimension of a terrorist attack such as the one of 3/11—apart from human catastrophic consequences—is relatively low. 相似文献
205.
Evaluation of a Freezer Mill for Bone Pulverization prior to DNA Extraction: An Improved Workflow for STR Analysis 下载免费PDF全文
Emely Morales Colón M.S. Mireya Hernández M.S. Mariel Candelario M.S. María Meléndez B.S. Tracey Dawson Cruz Ph.D. 《Journal of forensic sciences》2018,63(2):530-535
Traditional methods for bone pulverization typically generate heat, risking stability of DNA sample. SPEX? has developed cryogenic grinders which introduce liquid nitrogen to cool the sample and aid in the grinding process. In this study, the Freezer Mill 6970 EFM was used with two DNA extraction methods and routine downstream STR analysis procedures. DNA from as little as 0.1 g of bone powder was used to develop full STR profiles after freezer mill pulverization, and the method was reproducible. Further, no contamination was detected upon cleaning/reuse of the sample vials. There were no significant differences in DNA yield, STR alleles detected, or peak heights using the freezer mill as compared to traditional grinding, and successful DNA profiles were achieved from as low as 0.1 g of bone powder with this method. Overall, this work indicates that this cryogenic mill method may be used as a viable alternative to traditional tissue grinders. 相似文献
206.
Rubén González‐Vicente 《拉美政治与社会》2013,55(1):46-72
This article analyzes the developmental impact of two of the earliest investments made by Chinese companies in South America, the Shougang Corporation's mining activities in Peru and Andes Petroleum's oil extraction operations in Ecuador. The article draws attention to the importance of contextualizing and disaggregating instances of Chinese resource‐based investment in order to adequately grasp the complexity of processes that are contingent to particular regimes of natural resource governance, companies' backgrounds, and the strength and nature of local reactions, among other factors. It thereby encourages a critical examination of Chinese investment in South America that explores how the characteristics of that investment are reshaped by the long and contested histories of resource extraction in the region, the promotion of and resistance to particular visions of development, the agency of multiply situated and complex actors, and the wider transnational production networks in which resource extraction processes are embedded. 相似文献
207.
After the period of hyperinflation (1989, 1990) the Argentine economy stabilized and most of public companies were privatized. The return on investments was concentrated on promoting the technological change which adopts two basic forms: systemic modernization and revamping of existing teams. The first variant -ilustrated by the national telephone network- makes obsolete the knowledge accumulated during the period when the company was public. To confront the structural deficiency of knowledge and experience which result, the private operators invest massively in transfering educational technologies and in the development of costly and sofisticated internal systems of training, while they negotiate numerous and various agreements of cooperation with educational system institutions, public as well as private. In the second variant - illustrated by a steel and metallurgic company - the preexisting knowledge continues being necessary even though it may need a vis-a-vis updating facing the new demands which are stated referring to the productivity, quality, effectiveness and productive efficiency in markets which are open to competition. Taking into account the significant achievements which are being obtained by this second alternative of modernization - most of the privatized companies fall into this pattern- the article invites to a reopening of the old debate on technological blending. 相似文献
208.
Annukka Jyrämä Sami Kajalo Tanja Johansson Anni Sirèn 《Journal of Arts Management, Law & Society》2013,43(3):193-206
This article investigates brand architecture by analyzing stakeholder perceptions of brand images when a new joint brand is created for the existing brands of three arts organizations. The theoretical framework is based on previous literature on brand architecture and brand image. The empirical study is based on a quantitative, 418-respondent survey among stakeholders of these three arts organizations. The study makes two major theoretical contributions. First, the results show that the new joint brand can be endorsed by the existing sub-brands, contrary to brand-architecture literature. Second, even in the case of a new brand, stakeholders perceive the functional attributes as important. 相似文献
209.
Abstract Immature moral judgements, cognitive distortions and low empathy could contribute to criminal offending and are often targeted in interventions aimed at reducing risk of recidivism. We compared 58 delinquent 13–18-year-olds, incarcerated in youth homes in Sweden (29 males, 29 females) with 58 (29 males, 29 females) community control adolescents individually matched on age, gender, ethnicity and socio-economic position. Self-report questionnaires examined moral judgement, cognitive distortions, and empathy. Delinquent adolescents exhibited less mature moral judgements and more cognitive distortions than control adolescents. However, no association between delinquency status and self-reported empathy was found. In addition, girls reported more mature moral judgements, less cognitive distortions and more empathy than boys did. Moral judgement and empathy were positively correlated and both measures were negatively correlated with cognitive distortions. Our data support the idea that moral judgement and cognitive distortions are important treatment targets for juvenile delinquents, whereas empathy may be less meaningful to address directly. 相似文献
210.
Rebecca M. Willén 《心理学、犯罪与法律》2013,19(8):745-758
Abstract The criteria used by Swedish courts for assessing credibility of plaintiffs' accounts were for the first time scientifically evaluated. Furthermore, unlike much previous deception detection research, we used offenders as participants instead of college students. False and truthful confessions by 30 offenders were analysed, and few significant effects were obtained. Truthful confessions were rated as having a higher degree of clarity than false confessions. Women's truthful confessions were rated as more credible than their false confessions. The offenders who were most experienced in being interviewed by the police gave a stronger impression of talking about something self-experienced in their false than in their truthful confessions; hence, it seems that offenders with more police interview experience have developed a kind of expertise in telling a convincing lie about crime. Overall, the criteria for credibility assessment used by Swedish courts had very limited usefulness in discriminating truthful and false confessions. A critique of the current status of evaluating statements in Swedish courts is provided. 相似文献