Budgeting for Accountability: A Comparative Study of Budget Reforms in the United States during the Progressive Era and in Contemporary China

Budgeting is an important mechanism for ensuring public accountability. How do budget reforms in the United States during the Progressive Era compare to those in contemporary China? Are administrative and legislative budget controls essential to an effective, efficient government? Though the two countries differ in many respects, significant parallels between their budget reforms are evident. In the United States, electoral accountability alone does not guarantee overall government accountability if proper budgetary institutions are absent. China's recent budget reform reveals that it is possible to develop accountability, absent open elections, but with limitations and constraints. Lessons on budgeting and accountability for other developing and transitional countries are drawn from this comparative study.     

北京市流动人口聚集效应与移民倾向研究

20世纪90年代以来,北京市流动人口一直占北京市人口总数的1/4左右,并且呈现长期定居北京的势头.流动人口聚集区有其独特特征,流动人口工作生活自成体系.聚集区当地经济严重依赖出租经济,成为流动人口居留的拉力因素.滞后于城市化水平的聚集区现行管理模式为流动人口定居提供了条件.聚集区流动人口在定居意愿和定居行为上呈现矛盾态势,是城市化进程中体制和经济因素综合作用的结果.     

中国出口贸易结构演进:1978～2009

改革开放30多年来,中国对外贸易迅猛发展,出口贸易结构发生了很大变化,本文在总结中国出口贸易结构演变过程及发展趋势的基础上,分析了中国出口贸易结构存在的问题及产生的原因,并指出未来中国出口贸易结构调整中应支持中西部内陆省份外贸和经济发展、提高企业生产率和国家金融发展水平、引导和支持私营企业出口发展以及发展航空运输和公路运输等来优化中国出口贸易结构.     

印俄战略伙伴关系的新发展

印俄战略伙伴关系是冷战时期印苏特殊关系的继承和演进。进入21世纪以后,随着俄罗斯的复兴和印度的崛起,双方重新审视对方在各自战略棋盘上的分量,决定建立"战略伙伴关系",加强在政治、经济、军事、科技、能源等领域的合作。由于俄罗斯与中国的"战略协作伙伴关系"不断深化,印度与中国"面向和平与繁荣的战略伙伴关系"正在推进,印俄战略伙伴关系对于中国具有某种积极意义。尽管印俄对中国的态度有一定区别,但是印俄战略伙伴关系对中国的良性作用值得肯定。     

实现社会公正与中国工会的历史使命

建立完善社会公正保障体系是当前中国社会发展中的突出问题。文章结合党的十七大精神与工会十五大精神,从社会公正的目标与保障体系,改革完善分配制度,推进民主建设,扩大公共服务等角度,阐述对中国工会使命与作用的认识,中国工会必然要在建立完善社会公正保障体制的进程中扮演重要角色,承担起历史的重任。     

体面劳动视域中的工会工作

体面劳动是涉及世界所有劳动者的、具有普遍性的问题.体面劳动是对劳动就业质与量的要求,是劳动就业质与量的统一.体面劳动的主旨和内核是劳动者的权益问题.促进体面劳动的实现,是工会的职责.工会要在多维视野中开展工作,完善三方协商机制,并以工会工作的社会化来促进体面劳动的实现.     

Reciprocal Relationships between Teacher Ratings of Internalizing and Externalizing Behaviors in Adolescents with Different Levels of Cognitive Abilities

Are internalizing and externalizing behavior problems interrelated via mutually reinforcing relationships (with each behavior leading to increases over time in levels of the other behavior) or mutually suppressing relationships (with each behavior leading to decreases over time in levels of the other behavior)? Past research on the directionality of these relationships has led to ambiguous results, particularly in adolescence. Furthermore, the extent to which prior results will generalize to adolescents with low levels of cognitive abilities remains unknown. This second limit is particularly important, given that these adolescents are known to present higher levels of externalizing and internalizing behaviors than their peers with average-to-high levels of cognitive abilities, and that the mechanisms involved in the reciprocal relationships between these two types of behaviors may differ across both populations. This study examines the directionality of the longitudinal relationships between externalizing and internalizing behavior problems as rated by teachers across three measurement waves (corresponding to Grades 8–10) in matched samples of 138 adolescents (34.78?% girls) with low levels of cognitive abilities and 556 adolescents (44.88?% girls) with average-to-high levels of cognitive abilities. The results showed that the measurement structure was fully equivalent across time periods and groups of adolescents, revealing high levels of developmental stability in both types of problems, and moderately high levels of cross-sectional associations. Levels of both internalizing and externalizing behaviors were higher among adolescents with low levels of cognitive abilities relative to those with average-to-high levels of cognitive abilities. Finally, the predictive analyses revealed negative reciprocal longitudinal relationships (i.e., mutually suppressing relationships) between externalizing and internalizing problems, a result that was replicated within samples of adolescents with low, and average-to-high levels of cognitive ability.     

Semiotising the student perception of learning outcomes in British higher education

This article presents a semiotic analysis of the student perception of learning outcomes in British higher education. It centres on three annotated images in Frank Furedi’s article “The Unhappiness Principles”, published in Times Higher Education in 2012. Drawing upon Peircean semiosis and iconicity, it provides a rhetoric-infused interpretation of the word–image complementarity exhibited in student participants’ written commentaries on the three images. This leads to a dialectical view of formative and summative assessment, in which process and product create each other through the same continuum of learning and teaching. In highlighting intellectualism as central to the ethnography of university life, this article argues that learner autonomy and the potential for transformation is deemed essential to the student experience in higher education.     

文莱:2016年回顾与2017年展望

2016年,文莱继续保持多年来的格局,政治社会稳定,人民生活富裕;由于受到国际油价低位徘徊的影响,导致经济没有完成年度计划,呈现了负增长;外交上,根据国家既定的对外政策尽力参与地区及世界上的外交活动.展望2017年,文莱仍然保持这种发展格局.     

日本刑法中的事实错误理论研究

事实的错误是日本刑法理论中关于“错误论”中极其重要的内容之一。虽然中日两国的法律制度相差较大,但是我们可以通过本文的研究得出日本刑法解释者是怎样平衡司法与立法的。本文主要介绍了关于事实错误的三种学说,即具体的符合说、法定符合说和抽象符合说,并对日本的事实错误理论进行了简单的评析。