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41.
AbstractWe empirically investigate the role of natural resources, and governance in explaining variation in the intensity of conflict during the 1991–2002 civil war in Sierra Leone. As a proxy for governance quality we exploit exogenous variation in political competition at the level of the chieftaincy. As a proxy for resources we use data on the location of pre-war mining sites. Our main result is that neither governance nor resources robustly explains the onset or duration of violence during the civil war in Sierra Leone. 相似文献
42.
Ilse Smits Bart Soenens Maarten Vansteenkiste Koen Luyckx Luc Goossens 《Journal of youth and adolescence》2010,39(11):1343-1356
Self-determination theory (SDT) distinguishes between autonomous and controlled reasons for people’s behavior and essentially
states that beneficial effects for individuals’ psychosocial adjustment will accrue when behavior is guided by autonomous
(rather than controlled) motives. The present study tested this assumption in the area of adolescents’ identity styles. In
a sample of mid-adolescents (N = 247; 53% female), it was found that the motives for using an information-oriented or a normative identity style explained
additional variance beyond the identity styles as such in two of the adjustment outcomes examined. Specifically, autonomous
motives underlying these two identity styles were positively related to commitment and personal well-being, whereas controlled
motives were negatively related to these same adjustment outcomes. Perceived autonomy-supportive parenting was examined as
a possible antecedent of the motives behind identity styles. Consistent with hypotheses, it was found that autonomy-supportive
parenting was positively related to autonomous motives and negatively to controlled motives underlying identity styles. Implications
for future research on the motivational dynamics behind identity development are discussed. 相似文献
43.
Nathalie-Sharon N. Koster Karlijn F. Kuijpers Maarten J. J. Kunst Joanne P. Van der Leun 《Victims & Offenders》2016,11(3):392-435
According to Tyler’s theoretical framework, police officers can motivate cooperation among citizens during direct interactions by using fair procedures and by showing how the police perform their job in combating crime. By conducting a systematic literature review, prior research was examined to see whether perceptions of procedural justice and police performance result in higher levels of perceived legitimacy of the police institution, and in turn whether this perceived legitimacy stimulates cooperative behavior among crime victims specifically. Results of the 15 included studies indicate that partial support for the applicability of this framework on crime victims was found. However, none of the included studies tested all relationships within the framework simultaneously among crime victims; they typically focused only on one of the interrelationships between the frameworks’ key concepts. Implications for future research and police practice are discussed. 相似文献
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45.
“Text mining” covers a range of techniques that allow software to extract information from text documents. It is not a new technology, but it has recently received spotlight attention due to the emergence of Big Data. The applications of text mining are very diverse and span multiple disciplines, ranging from biomedicine to legal, business intelligence and security. From a legal perspective, text mining touches upon several areas of law, including contract law, copyright law and database law. This contribution discusses the legal issues encountered during the assembly of texts into so-called “corpora”, as well as the use of such corpora. 相似文献
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47.
Maarten Henket 《International Journal for the Semiotics of Law》2004,17(3):277-294
Is there a limit to what computers can do? In many areas, the facts of today put the sceptics of yesterday in the wrong. Who would have thought twenty years ago that a chess computer could ever beat the human world champion? With respect to computer programs for solving legal problems, the question is not whether they are possible, for they exist. In law, at least two important questions remain. First, whether such programs can eventually perform as good as, or better than humans. Second, whether the use of computers will alter the law and legal adjudication. These two questions are discussed in this article against the background of a comparison of chess and law. The answers give rise to certain premonitions. If the computer is used as an aid in legal decision making, it should be used in awareness of its limitations and idiosyncrasies. 相似文献
48.
The Jingle–Jangle Fallacy in Adolescent Autonomy in the Family: In Search of an Underlying Structure
Stijn Van Petegem Maarten Vansteenkiste Wim Beyers 《Journal of youth and adolescence》2013,42(7):994-1014
The construct of autonomy has a rich, though quite controversial, history in adolescent psychology. The present investigation aimed to clarify the meaning and measurement of adolescent autonomy in the family. Based on theory and previous research, we examined whether two dimensions would underlie a wide range of autonomy-related measures, using data from two adolescent samples (N = 707, 51 % girls, and N = 783, 59 % girls, age range = 14–21 years). Clear evidence was found for a two-dimensional structure, with the first dimension reflecting “volition versus pressure”, that is, the degree to which adolescents experience a sense of volition and choice as opposed to feelings of pressure and coercion in the parent–adolescent relationship. The second dimension reflected “distance versus proximity”, which involves the degree of interpersonal distance in the parent-adolescent relationship. Whereas volition related to higher well-being, less problem behavior and a secure attachment style, distance was associated mainly with more problem behavior and an avoidant attachment style. These associations were not moderated by age. The discussion focuses on the meaning of adolescent autonomy and on the broader implications of the current findings. 相似文献
49.
Joke Verstuyf Stijn Van Petegem Maarten Vansteenkiste Bart Soenens Liesbet Boone 《Journal of youth and adolescence》2014,43(2):284-297
Adolescents are exposed to images depicting the thin or muscular ideal almost on a daily basis. When the body perfect ideal is adopted, adolescents are at increased risk for developing unhealthy and disordered eating behaviors. The aim of the current 3-wave longitudinal study among adolescents (N = 418; 54 % girls) was to investigate whether different styles of identity exploration (i.e., information-oriented, normative, and diffuse-avoidant) are associated differentially with changes in adoption of the body perfect ideal, which, in turn, would relate to changes in appearance-focused and health-focused eating regulation. Results indicated that the information-oriented style predicted decreases and the normative style predicted increases in adoption of the body perfect ideal. In turn, adoption of the body perfect ideal predicted significant increases in appearance-focused eating regulation but not in health-focused eating regulation. A diffuse-avoidant style was unrelated to changes in adoption of the body perfect, yet directly predicted decreases in health-focused eating regulation. Theoretical and clinical implications of these findings are discussed. 相似文献
50.
Rodríguez-Meirinhos Ana Vansteenkiste Maarten Soenens Bart Oliva Alfredo Brenning Katrijn Antolín-Suárez Lucía 《Journal of youth and adolescence》2020,49(1):352-368
Journal of Youth and Adolescence - Over the last few years, the protective role of parental monitoring on adolescent adjustment (i.e., active parental efforts aimed at setting limits and tracking... 相似文献