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排序方式: 共有198条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
171.
Mario A. Davila Deborah J. Hartley Kevin Buckler Steve Wilson 《American Journal of Criminal Justice》2011,36(4):408-420
This study examined the impact of prior personal or vicarious experience with the criminal justice system on sentencing attitudes.
Existing research on sentencing attitudes has examined factors such as race, gender, income level, political affiliation,
and education level, but few research studies have focused on actual contact with the criminal justice system and its influence
on perceptions of sentencing as either too harsh or too lenient. The current study utilized data collected by the Roper Center
for Public Opinion Research. Over 1,500 respondents were surveyed nationwide in 2006 regarding sentencing attitudes. Logistic
regression analysis was utilized to assess the impact of factors of interest on sentencing attitudes. Results indicated that
individuals who had been charged with a crime (personal experience), or who had an immediate relative or close friend who
had been charged (vicarious experience), were more likely to perceive the criminal justice system as too harsh, regardless
of race/ethnicity. 相似文献
172.
With the constantly increasing sensitivity and robustness of liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry-based instruments combined with enhanced reproducibility as well as mass accuracy and resolution, LC-MS(/MS) has become an integral part of sports drug testing programs particularly concerning the detection of peptide hormones. Although several of the relevant peptidic drugs such as insulins (Humalog LisPro, Novolog Aspart, etc.), growth hormone releasing peptides (GHRPs, e.g., GHRP-2, GHRP-6, Hexarelin, etc.), and insulin-like growth factors (e.g., IGF-1, IGF-2, long-R(3)-IGF-1) are currently analyzed using dedicated top-down analytical procedures, i.e. employing specifically tailored sample preparation procedures followed by targeted LC-MS(/MS) measurements focusing on intact analytes, first approaches towards multi-analyte methods have been established. These allow the determination of the prohibited substances in blood and urine doping control specimens following therapeutic applications. In addition, the use of new complementary devices such as ion mobility analyzers, e.g., in hybrid mass spectrometers yielded promising data for the differentiation of isobaric insulins, which outlines the potential to further accelerate and multiplex doping control analytical assays to meet the continuously increasing demands of rapid and unambiguous test methods. Moreover, the potential of LC-MS/MS to target recombinant peptide hormones such as human growth hormone using bottom-up approaches has been demonstrated by targeting proteotypic peptides that unambiguously differentiate the recombinant molecule from the naturally occurring and endogenously produced analog. 相似文献
173.
This article starts from the remarks by Peter Mair on the growing gap between responsiveness and responsibility – or middle-run responsiveness – and the declining capacity of parties to bridge that gap. It focuses on the empirical analysis of the association between economic and substantive democratic dimensions and responsiveness, which are highly relevant to the way in which parties compete and govern within contemporary democracies. Following an introduction of the topic, the second section puts forward key concepts and hypotheses; the third presents the operationalisation of the variables and the applied method; the fourth and primary empirical section of the article analyses the non-procedural determinants of political and economic responsiveness, including freedom and equality as well as several key economic structural factors. The concluding remarks recapitulate the main empirical findings and submit a number of aspects that party leaders ought to take into account when addressing the thorny issue of responsiveness. 相似文献
174.
PA Martínez-Carpio AF Del Campillo MJ Leal N Lleopart MT Marrón MA Trelles 《Forensic science international》2012,220(1-3):e23-e28
Some cosmetic products manufactured in Korea for the treatment of eczema, seborrhea and psoriasis have been suspected to contain anti-inflammatory corticosteroids such as prednisolone, hydrocortisone, betamethasone, dexamethasone and triamcinolone acetonide without these ingredients being indicated on the label. Due to their severe side effects such as permenent skin atopy, these corticosteroids have to be monitored in cosmetic products from a forensic point of view. Many cosmetic product samples (N=65) have been collected from both local and online markets in Korea. The corticosteroid content of these samples was analyzed by LC-MS/MS with diagnostic ions (m/z). Linearity was studied with 0.1-10 μg/mL range in all corticosteroids. Good correlation coefficients (r(2)≥0.997) were found and the limits of quantification were 4.68-7.97 ng/mL for each of the corticosteroids. At three different concentrations spanning the linear dynamic ranges, mean recoveries were 97.2-113.5%and precisions (RSD) for intra-day and inter-day analysis were less than 8.9%. Also, accuracy (Bias %) was less than 11.8%. The results showed that between 0.76-0.94 μg/g levels of prednisolone were detected in four cosmetic products and triamcinolone acetonidewas detected with a concentration in the range of 11.5-272 μg/g in nine samples. This fact reveals that some manufacturers have arbitrarily added these corticosteroids in their cosmetic products without indicating them on the label. Thus, these cosmetic products have to be monitored and if proven illegal preparations removed from the market. 相似文献
175.
The purpose of this paper is to analyze the current temporal and spatial trajectories in nanotechnology research in order to display the worldwide patterns of scientific domains across main geo-economic players. Current trends of nanotechnology have been growing in chemistry and medicine because of technological applications of new nanomaterials mainly in Chemical Engineering, Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology. In addition, the results show that the laboratories of Europe and North America have intensive scientific collaborations with foreign scholars in nanotechnology studies. This paper can provide vital findings to support new research and innovation policies in order to foster the development of these driving converging technologies for future patterns of economic growth. 相似文献
176.
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179.
Mario E. Carranza 《拉美政治与社会》2003,45(2):67-103
Mercosur has survived several crises by resorting to presidential diplomacy, but it risks becoming an empty shell unless member states work to coordinate macroeconomic policies. Its survival depends on the outcome of domestic political struggles in Brazil and Argentina and on the harmonization of exchange-rate policies between the two countries. This article examines the Argentine-Brazilian "trade wars" provoked by successive devaluations of the Brazilian currency, aggravated in 2001 by the Argentine economic crisis. The social explosion in Argentina in December 2001 showed that domestic actors can successfully challenge proglobalization policies. To consolidate, Mercosur will have to address the democratic deficit while building supranational institutions and an effective dispute-settlement system. 相似文献
180.