留守儿童:青少年权益保护和犯罪预防的重点群体

在论及中国青少年权益维护和犯罪预防工作中,我们不能不将视角转向农村留守儿童这一当今典型的社会现象和需要特殊关注的弱势群体。据有关方面提供的数据,我国共有2亿农民工,其中外出农民工数量为1.2亿左右,外出务工的农民工与其未成年留守子女的分离,由此而形成了高达2000万的农村留守儿童群体,且呈继续增长的趋势。在一些农村劳动力输出大省,留守儿童在当地未成年人总数中所占比例已高达18%至22%,他们的父母能够在1至2年内回家的仅占58%,2到3年内回家的占56%,而3年以上的达到26%。在这些农村留守儿童中,多数是与老人生活在一起,有4.9%的孩子甚至是独自一人生活。     

以宽容之心对待违法犯罪青少年

2007年4月16日清晨发生在美国弗吉尼亚理工大学的赵承熙枪击案,引起了全世界的震惊,而随后发生的该校悼念活动,将凶手赵承熙和52名遇难者一起被列为悼念的对象,则更同样令人不解。有消息称,该校在4月20日中午举行的遇难者悼念仪式上,放飞的气球是55个,敲响的丧钟是55声,次日安放在校园中心广场草坪上的是55块半圆的石灰岩悼念碑等等,其中包括52名遇难者和自杀的枪手赵承熙。在人们眼中,     

INTRODUCTION

Abstract

In the last issue of 1994 the Bulletin of Concerned Asian Scholars (BCAS) presented a special “Notes from the Field” section on the Bretton Woods institutions. The ten contributions to that section provided case studies of specific projects in Asia and overviews of International Monetary Fund (IMF) and World Bank policies. In sum, they mounted a comprehensive critique of the historical and contemporary policies of these global financial institutions.     

Policy Implications of Limiting Immigrant Concentration in Danish Public Schools

Immigrant students in Denmark on average perform worse in lower secondary school than native Danish students. Part of the effect may not stem from the immigrant students themselves, but from the student composition at the school. From a policy perspective, the latter aspect is quite interesting since it is more feasible to change student composition in schools than the socioeconomic status of the individual students. This article describes theoretically the circumstances under which total student achievement can be increased by reallocating certain groups of students. Empirical analyses of Danish register data of more than 40,000 students suggest that the gain in total student achievement by reallocating immigrant students is minor. The educational outcome of immigrant students can however, ceteris paribus, be increased, at minimal expense to the majority of native Danish students' educational outcome, by limiting the share of immigrant students at grade level at any one school to less than 50 percent. The policy implications of this finding are discussed.     

农村社区公共空间研究——基于NGO参与农村社区建设的个案研究

社区建设可以有不同切入点,从不同切入点出发的社区建设效果各不相同。文章通过对两个NGO参与社区建设的个案解剖发现,其成功的根本原因是它们都建立了良好的村庄公共空间,进而促进了村庄全面协调发展。文章认为,公共空间本质上是一种稳定、信任、参与、共享和获取资源与需要的网络关系,公共空间具有信息沟通、消除矛盾、缓解紧张、形成共识、互助学习、提升能力、整合资源与促进发展的功能。     

How to increase citizen coproduction: replication and extension of existing research

ABSTRACT

The value of coproduction—the joint productive efforts by regular producers, such as teachers, and consumer producers, such as parents, in helping children to learn—has been recognized for some time. However, strong empirical evidence of how these benefits can be achieved is scarce, and recent research has found mixed results. A new randomized field trial replicates elements of previous studies and extends them by using an additional age-appropriate outcome measure. Methodologically, the results illustrate the challenges of carrying out replication studies because when target groups change, outcome measures also often change. Substantially, the findings suggest that a government initiative providing parents with materials and information to enhance parents’ coproduction efforts can be extended to a broader target group of parents. Together, the findings illustrate how findings from single studies should be generalized with caution and the value of working systematically with replications and extensions.