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151.
152.
Russell Bentley 《Political studies》2005,53(3):516-536
Contemporary democratic theories that draw on Socrates for inspiration have addressed his method of investigation too narrowly because there has been insufficient attention to the need for authority, which Socrates also identifies. Because his appeals to authority initially appear antidemocratic, we cannot overlook this aspect of his thought. I describe a virtue, civic competence, which is the excellence of citizens who critically engage with the norms of the community, but who also recognise that authority is politically necessary. Deliberation requires elenctic-like scrutiny, but also a willingness to accept some arguments as authoritative. My overarching claim is that failure to exhibit such character traits can appear in more than one form, a point neglected in recent literature, and that not all such forms are antidemocratic. Civic competence is susceptible to corruptions that may never result in citizenship that is simply undemocratic. I define two corruptions of civic competence: 'disagonism' and 'eristicism'. The former treats disagreement as signalling either confusion or wickedness and deliberation as a process of clarifying and tidying discourse. The latter treats disagreement as ineliminable and deliberation as gaming with words in order to defeat an opponent in argument. 相似文献
153.
The case of Jeffrey Dahmer: sexual serial homicide from a neuropsychiatric developmental perspective
Sexual serial homicidal behavior has received considerable attention during the last three decades. Substantial progress has been made in the development of methods aimed at identifying and apprehending individuals who exhibit these behaviors. In spite of these advances, the origins of sexual serial killing behavior remain for the most part unknown. In this article we propose a biopsychosocial psychiatric model for understanding the origins of sexual serial homicidal behavior from both neuropsychiatric and developmental perspectives, using the case of convicted serial killer Jeffrey Dahmer as the focal point. We propose that his homicidal behavior was intrinsically associated with autistic spectrum psychopathology, specifically Asperger's disorder. The relationship of Asperger's disorder to other psychopathology and to his homicidal behavior is explored. We discuss potential implications of the proposed model for the future study of the causes of sexual serial homicidal crime. 相似文献
154.
The forensic community continues to seek improvements in DNA typing methods on aspects such as sensitivity and efficacy. Reducing the volume of the AmpFlSTR Profiler Plus reagents offered greater sensitivity and improved the chance of obtaining useful results for samples with very low quantities of DNA and multiple source samples. On the downside, amplifications initiated with less than 0.4 ng of DNA exhibited a twofold increase in the standard deviation of peak ratios. This research suggested a twofold approach to analyzing samples. For samples with greater than 0.25 ng of DNA, a 25 microL reaction is appropriate. Samples that did not demonstrate quantifiable results, or that have less than 0.25 ng, can be amplified by drying the sample directly in the PCR tube and amplifying in a 5 microL reaction. The analyst can expect at least limited results with as little as 0.03 ng of DNA in the 5 microL reaction. 相似文献
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157.
Nina S. Mounts David P. Valentiner Katherine L. Anderson Michelle K. Boswell 《Journal of youth and adolescence》2006,35(1):68-77
A path model was tested in an ethnically diverse sample of 350 college students in which shyness, sociability, and parental
support for the college transition were related to loneliness and friendship quality. Furthermore, friendship quality and
loneliness were related to depression and anxiety. High levels of shyness, low levels of sociability, and low levels of parental
support were related to high levels of loneliness. High levels of parental support for the college transition were related
to more positive friendship quality. Multiple regression analyses suggested that loneliness, but not friendship quality, were
related to adolescents’ anxiety and depression. In addition, the interaction between shyness and sociability was significantly
related to anxiety for African-American adolescents such that adolescents who reported low levels of sociability in combination
with high levels of shyness reported the highest levels of anxiety. There was also a significant interaction between sociability
and parental support for African-American adolescents such that high levels of sociability in combination with low levels
of parental support for the college transition were related to high levels of anxiety. For White adolescents, only loneliness
was related to anxiety.
Nina S. Mounts is an associate professor at Northern Illinois University. She received her PhD in child and family studies
from University of Wisconsin-Madison. Her major research interests are on linkages between parent and peer contexts, parental
management of adolescents’ peer relationships, and peer influence on adolescents.
David P. Valentiner is an associate professor at Northern Illinois University. He received his PhD in clinical psychology
from University of Texas-Austin. His major research interests are cognitive and emotional factors in anxiety disorders, including
the development and maintenance of social anxiety.
Katherine Anderson is a graduate student at University of Wisconsin-Madison. She received her MS in developmental psychology
from Northern Illinois University. Her major research interests are on career identity development in college students.
Michelle Boswell is a graduate student at Northern Illinois University. She received her MS in clinical psychology from Northern
Illinois University. Her major research interests are on parenting effects on bullying and victimization. 相似文献
158.
Barringer PJ Studdert DM Kachalia AB Mello MM 《Journal of health politics, policy and law》2008,33(4):725-760
Periods in which the costs of personal injury litigation and liability insurance have risen dramatically have often provoked calls for reform of the tort system, and medical malpractice is no exception. One proposal for fundamental reform made during several of these volatile periods has been to relocate personal injury disputes from the tort system to an alternative, administrative forum. In the medical injury realm, a leading incarnation of such proposals in recent years has been the idea of establishing specialized administrative "health courts." Despite considerable stakeholder and policy-maker interest, administrative compensation proposals have tended to struggle for broad political acceptance. In this article, we consider the historical experience of administrative medical injury compensation proposals, particularly in light of comparative examples in the context of workplace injuries, automobile injuries, and vaccine injuries. We conclude by examining conditions that may facilitate or impede progress toward establishing demonstration projects of health courts. 相似文献
159.
On November 6, 2014, the AFCC Board of Directors endorsed the Association for Conflict Resolution (ACR) Guidelines for Eldercaring Coordination, including ethical principles for Eldercaring Coordinators, training protocols, and court pilot project template. The collaboration between Task Forces created by ACR and the Florida Chapter of AFCC, composed of twenty U.S./Canadian and twenty Florida‐wide organizations, produced both an overarching guide to assist in the development of programs and a more detailed model addressing state/province‐specific needs and characteristics. Eldercaring coordination is a dispute resolution option specifically for high‐conflict cases involving the care, needs, and safety of elders.
- Key Points for the Family Court Community:
- There are currently no dispute resolution options for parties involved in high‐conflict cases regarding the care, needs, and safety of an elder.
- The ACR Guidelines for Eldercaring Coordination address the discrepancies between dispute resolution options available for parents in conflict regarding their minor children and mature families with unresolved concerns about the care, needs, and safety of an elder.
- The ACR Guidelines for Eldercaring Coordination provide information regarding the ethical practice of eldercaring coordination including a specific definition, recommended qualifications, ethical practices, grievance procedures, training protocols, and a court pilot project template.
- The practice of eldercaring coordination will address the influx of court cases expected as baby boomers continue to age, reducing delays in court hearings, as parties will have the opportunity to resolve their concerns without continuous court attention.
- As of June 2015, five states began Pilot Projects on Eldercaring Coordination, which will be studied by an independent research group to enhance the progress of the process and to develop the best practices for initiating the programs elsewhere.
160.
Paul V. Greenall Michelle Wright 《The journal of forensic psychiatry & psychology》2015,26(2):242-259
Although sexual homicide is receiving increasing research attention, few studies have examined the criminal histories of sexual killers in any detail. This study examined the criminal histories of 81 British stranger sexual killers to determine whether they were generalist, specialists or both and whether their criminal histories reflected violent, sexual, marginality and over control pathways. Results found most stranger sexual killers were generalist offenders and sexual homicide was part of a varied criminal repertoire and non-sexual crimes predominate. This ‘antisocial orientation’ means future offending may not be limited to sexual violence. Criminal histories reflected the violent, sexual, marginality and over control pathways, but offenders in the violent pathway were more criminally orientated. The clinical and investigative implications of these findings were considered as they suggest knowledge of the criminal histories of stranger sexual killers is an important consideration for criminal justice professionals. 相似文献