Bureaucratic corruption as a consequence of the Gulf migration: The case of North Yemen

Sizable migration of workers from North Yemen to other Gulf nations, beginning in the 1960s and continuing through the 1980s, produced a large influx of funds into the nation in the form of workers' remittances. This produced a general rise in living standards and improved balance-of-payment statistics, but also greatly increased corruption as poorly-paid officials struggled to make a living in the inflated economy and private parties sought to circumvent economic regulations. Reform efforts met with apathy or even violence, and corruption eventually reached systematic if not systemic levels. Many Yemeni migrants have recently been repatriated in the wake of the Gulf War. Whether or not this will reduce corruption depends upon many factors, such as the activities of the nation's increasingly independent press and the successful exploitation of oil and gas reserves.     

Firework displays as sources of particles similar to gunshot residue

In light of past research being targeted to find specific particles which may be similar to gunshot residue (GSR), this project was formulated to detect any possible particulate by random particle fallout onto substrates at firework displays and to assess the impact this may have on GSR evidence. Firework residue was collected at a display site, from amongst spectators as well as from the author's hair 90min after the display. SEM-EDX analysis has detected such particulate in all three scenarios, with the firework particle population at large providing a solid ground for discrimination from GSR. Wind dispersal was found to decrease the particle population and subsequently, the latter's discriminatory power. Some particles, if treated individually were found to be indistinguishable from GSR. Findings also include residues which may mimic strontium based GSR as well as GSR which may be mixed with that from previous firings. The continuous changes made to primer and propellant compositions by manufacturers also call for greater consideration when classifying particles as originating from pyrotechnic devices. Furthermore, authorities such as police forces should be made more aware about the incidence of such particle transfer in firework related periods.     

Learning to Manage Shame in School Bullying: Lessons for Restorative Justice Interventions

Shame management is purported to be part of the healing process that is a goal of restorative justice. However, the development of shame management capacities and how they are engaged in conflict resolution remains a relatively understudied phenomenon. This study examines how shame management (acknowledgment and displacement) is employed by children as they move into and out of cultures of school bullying. The analysis is based on self-reported changes in bullying experiences of 335 Australian children over a three-year period. Children were classified into bully, victim, bully-victim, nonbully-nonvictim, or residual conflict groups. Shame displacement and bullying tolerance accompanied transition into bullying. Shame acknowledgment and control of bullying marked desistence from bullying. Effects of shame management and social control were not uniform across groups. Findings indicate that interventions to change behaviour need to be flexible and responsive to prior bullying experiences so specific risk and protective factors can be targeted. This study demonstrates that responsiveness to context, building socially responsible relationships, and adaptive shame management are all integral to behaviour change, supporting the use of restorative justice as a way of dealing with school bullying as well as other forms of harm.     

Identity-Lineup Location Influences Target Selection: Evidence from Eye Movements

Eyewitnesses often have to recognize the perpetrators of an observed crime from identity lineups. In the construction of these lineups, a decision must be made concerning where a suspect should be placed, but whether location in a lineup affects the identification of a perpetrator has received little attention. This study explored this problem with a face-matching task, in which observers decided if pairs of faces depict the same person or two different people (Experiment 1), and with a lineup task in which the presence of a target had to be detected in an identity parade of five faces (Experiment 2). In addition, this study also explored if high accuracy is related to a perceptual pop-out effect, whereby the target is detected rapidly among the lineup. In both experiments, observers?? eye movements revealed that location determines the order in which people were viewed, whereby faces on the left side were consistently viewed first. This location effect was reflected also in observers?? responses, so that a foil face on the left side of a lineup display was more likely to be misidentified as the target. However, identification accuracy was not related to a pop-out effect. The implications of these findings are discussed.     

Hand-held cow horn: resurgence of an old arm or a potential terrorist weapon

A 23 year old man presented with intestinal evisceration from stab injury to the left side of the abdomen with a hand-held cow horn at a local night party. He complained of severe abdominal pain and bleeding at the site of injury. He was hemodynamically stable. At emergency exploration, the eviscerated bowel was viable with no adjacent mesenteric tear. Other intra abdominal organs were normal. The eviscerated bowel was lavaged and reduced into the abdomen through the 7 cm anterior abdominal wall laceration. The laceration was repaired and abdomen closed in layers. Post operative recovery was uneventful. The hand-held cow horn can easily be concealed and may pass through security checks undetected. It should be added to the ever increasing list of weapons of small scale terror.     

Security threat: a reality or right-wing political discourse phenomenon

Asia Europe Journal - This article studies the potential paradigm shift in Europe linking refugees’ influx with the security phenomenon through the works of intellectuals belonging to...     

Quelques aspects du management du Ministère des Affaires extérieures du Canada

Sommaire. Cet article a pour objet de démontrer l'interdépendance de la politique étrangère du Canada et de la structure administrative mise en place pour atteindre les objectifs de cette politique. Il met en relief la complexité des activités du Canada à l'étranger et les difficultés de coordination de cette structure administrative qui en dérive. En effet, une question se pose et à laquelle il faut trouver une réponse dam les plus brefs délais; il s'agit de savoir comment un gouvernement qui voit ses activités à l'étranger se multiplier avec une rapidité croissante, peut-il trouver une formule de coordination qui tout en recherchant à atteindre des objectifs gouvernementaux, permettra également à toutes ces activités de se réaliser d'une façon efficace. A cette fin, on explicitera le mandat de l'icer concernant l'intégration des services de soutien pour les opérations à l'étranger. Il est question également du comité de gestion au niveau de chaque mission et l'application du ppbs. Au niveau organisationnel, nous trouvons des distorsions dans la délégation d'autorité et la répartition des responsabilités. Les répartitions des catégories géographiques et économiques étaient un peu confuses. La nouvelle organisation caractérisée par un regroupement de la plupart des directions en «bureaux», soit régionaux, soit fonctionnels est mise en évidence et évaluée. Par ailleurs, le système ppb de programme par pays est également analysé et nous démonterons ses points faibles. En fonction des éléments d'analyse de cette situation, une conclusion nous permet de suggérer une idée sur la recherche de solution au problème de la coordination des activités internationales du Canada. Abstract. The purpose of this article is to demonstrate the interdependence of Canada's foreign policy and the administrative structure set up to reach the objectives of that policy. The complexity of Canada's activities abroad as well as the difficulty of co-ordinating the administrative structures they generate are emphasized. A question is now being raised to which an answer will have to be found as rapidly as possible: how can a government whose activities abroad are multiplying at an increasing ace find a formula for both the attainment of governmental goals and the efficient implementation of all its activities. To this end, the terms of reference of the icer regarding the integration of supporting services for operations abroad will be clarified. The management committee at the level of individual missions and the application of ppbs will also be discussed. At the organizational level, we find distortions in the delegation of authority and in the sharing of responsibility, as well as confusion in the distribution of geographic and economic categories. The new organization, caracterized by a regrouping of most management activities into boards, either regional or functional, is emphasized and assessed. On the other hand, the ppb system of individual programs for each country is also analysed and we show its weaknesses. In conclusion, we suggest a possible avenue of inquiry in the search for a solution to the problem of co-ordinating Canada's international activities.     

SYNERGY FOR A SHARED FUTURE

正I came to China six years ago to try to understand the foreign policy perspectives of China, and the epochal shifts taking place in the global community. Asia’s rise is a reality, and the shifts the world is experiencing in a post-colonialist and post-imperialist age require a re-evaluation of definitions and perceptions.