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221.
222.
The objectives of this study were to test the predictive power of self-control theory for delinquency in a Chinese context,
and to explore if social factors as predicted in social bonding theory, differential association theory, general strain theory,
and labeling theory have effects on delinquency in the presence of self-control. Self-report data were collected from 1,015
Chinese secondary school students (463 boys and 552 girls) in Hong Kong aged between 14 and 19. Bivariate results showed that
low self-control is correlated with delinquency in the Chinese setting. We also found that low self-control is linked to a
range of negative social conditions in Chinese adolescents, including disrupted social bonds, delinquent association, deviant
definition, educational under-achievement, coercive parenting, negative school experiences, negative relations with peers,
stressful life events, and labeling by parents and teachers. However, contrary to self-control theory and many previous studies
based on Western samples, self-control fails to predict delinquency when social variables are controlled for among Chinese
adolescents. The effects of social factors on delinquency remain significant net of self-control. This suggests that it is
the combination of self-control and social factors in the prediction of delinquency that might be variant across cultures.
These findings from adolescents from Hong Kong only partially support the culture-free thesis of self-control theory. The
implications of Chinese cultural forces on the influence of self-control merit closer attention.
Nicole W. T. Cheung , Ph.D., is an Assistant Professor at the Department of Sociology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong. Her areas of specialization include sociology of deviance, adolescent delinquency, drug addiction, gambling, and evaluation research. She has participated in several large-scale research projects on adolescent deviance and drug abuse in Hong Kong. With the 2007–08 Fulbright Hong Kong Senior Scholar Award, she will soon conduct an adolescent gambling research in North America. Her most recent publications have appeared in Substance Use and Misuse, Addiction Research and Theory, as well as Chinese Journal of Drug Dependence. Yuet W. Cheung , Ph.D., is a professor at the Department of Sociology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong. His major areas of specialization include alcohol and drug addiction, drug policy, adolescent delinquency, family violence, sociology of deviance, and medical sociology. He has conducted extensive research on drug treatment and adolescent deviance in Hong Kong. He has published in, among others, International Journal of Drug Policy, Substance Use and Misuse, Addiction Research and Theory, Social Science and Medicine, AIDS Care, and Journal of Youth and Adolescence. 相似文献
Nicole W. T. CheungEmail: |
Nicole W. T. Cheung , Ph.D., is an Assistant Professor at the Department of Sociology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong. Her areas of specialization include sociology of deviance, adolescent delinquency, drug addiction, gambling, and evaluation research. She has participated in several large-scale research projects on adolescent deviance and drug abuse in Hong Kong. With the 2007–08 Fulbright Hong Kong Senior Scholar Award, she will soon conduct an adolescent gambling research in North America. Her most recent publications have appeared in Substance Use and Misuse, Addiction Research and Theory, as well as Chinese Journal of Drug Dependence. Yuet W. Cheung , Ph.D., is a professor at the Department of Sociology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong. His major areas of specialization include alcohol and drug addiction, drug policy, adolescent delinquency, family violence, sociology of deviance, and medical sociology. He has conducted extensive research on drug treatment and adolescent deviance in Hong Kong. He has published in, among others, International Journal of Drug Policy, Substance Use and Misuse, Addiction Research and Theory, Social Science and Medicine, AIDS Care, and Journal of Youth and Adolescence. 相似文献
223.
224.
Nicole Sy 《北京周报(英文版)》2013,56(11):48
Canadian real estate developers said that the flowing in of Chinese money will keep housing markets stable in Vancouver. The city was recently ranked the second least affordable in the world by Demographia’s International Housing Affordability survey. Colin Bosa,CEO of Bosa Properties,said that as long as the Chinese continue to move to British Columbia,markets will remain stable."They like it in British Columbia because it’s safe and they’re accepted here,"Bosa said."There is a good quality of life with universal health care and good schools."Vancouver is British Columbia’s largest city and known for hosting the 1986 Expo,2010 相似文献
225.
Matthew A. Bills Eryn Nicole O’Neal Brittany E. Hayes Katherine A. Meeker 《Journal of school violence》2020,19(2):205-218
ABSTRACTThis study used data from an in-person paper-and-pencil climate survey administered to students in a random sample of classes at a four-year southeastern university. Respondents (N = 248) left unsolicited qualitative comments on the survey (N = 540). Grounded theory was used to determine if themes existed among them. Questions on school safety, rape myths, and resource knowledge prompted the most unsolicited comments (n = 111). Comments centered on clarification or opinions. Given the survey was adapted from a prior climate survey, unsolicited comments highlight areas of clarification and improvement for future iterations of climate surveys. Implications for campus safety are discussed. 相似文献
226.
While the Class Action Fairness Act (CAFA) establishes a bright-line jurisdictional amount in controversy for removing cases from state to federal court, calculating that quantitative threshold in practice is a fraught and heavily litigated exercise. This article examines removals under CAFA to show the substantial lack of clarity in how state-law causes of action and damage claims interact to reach the jurisdictional threshold. It compiles cases illustrating the challenges surrounding removal litigation that flow from these uncertainties, particularly in how the structure of CAFA incentivizes defendants to chain together tail-event precedent to inflate theoretical amounts in controversy. It then applies a Coasean analysis to suggest these uncertainties impede efficient resolutions to litigation. Finally, it suggests a series of practical amendments to CAFA and its interpretive case law that would provide clarity, decrease forum-selection litigation, and enhance the efficacy of class litigation. 相似文献
227.
JH Modrow A Preusse-Prange P Meyer M Harder T Schwark N von Wurmb-Schwark 《Forensic science international》2012,222(1-3):256-258
The HSP70 superfamily is a reliable biomarker for hyperthermia, hypothermia and hypoxia. The Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) respectively immunohistochemically staining methods are the typically used techniques for the quantification of those proteins. As the costs for reagents and devices as well as the work schedule of these methods are immense it was the goal of our study to develop an easy and reliable method to quantify the concentration of specific proteins. We established a procedure to measure the relative concentration of proteins fixed on ROTI(?) PVDF membranes via Western blot, calculating the relative protein concentration in dependency to the grey scale index of the normalized and digitalized pictures of the bands on the blots. 相似文献
228.
Jackowski C Hofmann K Schwendener N Schweitzer W Keller-Sutter M 《Forensic science international》2012,214(1-3):e16-e19
Sudden cardiac deaths are common within the community. They also constitute a substantial part of daily pathologic and forensic case work. However, macroscopic myocardial findings indicating acute ischemia are often absent. Then, diagnosis is based on coronary status in combination with indirect signs of acute cardiac failure. We present a case of sudden cardiac death where diagnosis was based on cardiac postmortem magnetic resonance imaging (pmMRI) findings already prior to autopsy: the heart's anterior basal ventricular septum showed hypointensities in T2-weighted images that raised suspicion of peracute ischemia. The lumen of the left anterior descending artery (LAD) exhibited a lack of otherwise discernible postmortem sedimentation of cellular blood components. Instead of a sharp border between serum and erythrocytes a homogeneous signal was seen within the narrowed lumen of the beginning LAD over a length of 1cm. Based on this, a thrombotic occlusion was assumed. Subsequent autopsy confirmed peracute septal myocardial ischemia secondary to a thrombotic occlusion of the LAD as concluded from the pmMRI. 相似文献
229.
Wanklyn SG Ward AK Cormier NS Day DM Newman JE 《Journal of interpersonal violence》2012,27(11):2128-2143
Understanding the developmental precursors of juvenile violent sex offending can contribute to the promotion of effective early intervention and prevention programs for high-risk children and youth. However, there is currently a lack of research on the early characteristics of adolescents who commit violent sex offenses. Drawing on the literature regarding the generalist and specialist positions of criminal behavior, the aim of the present study was to compare childhood risk factors for three groups of juvenile offenders: (a) pure sex offenders (PSO; n = 28); (b) violent non-sex offenders (VNSO; n = 172); and (c) versatile violent sex offenders (VVSO; n = 24). Nineteen risk factors comprising four life domains (individual, family, peer, and school) were identified from a file review. Three hierarchical logistic regression analyses examined associations between risk factors and offender groups. The results reflected the underlying heterogeneity of the sample, offering support for both the specialist and generalist positions of criminal behavior. PSOs differed from VNSOs on the basis of higher odds for precocious sexual behavior. Second, VVSOs differed from VNSOs on the basis of higher odds for precocious sexual behavior, criminal family members, and an adolescent mother, as well as lower odds for poor school behavior. Third, PSOs were marginally more likely to have engaged in early overt antisocial behavior compared with VVSOs. Fourth, many of the childhood risk factors examined were not associated with any offender group. In conclusion, VVSOs appeared to differ on the greatest number of risk factors from VNSOs, suggesting that VVSOs share a more similar developmental pathway with PSOs. The prevention and future research implications of these findings are discussed. 相似文献
230.
Alex R. Piquero Jonathan Intravia Eric Stewart Nicole Leeper Piquero Marc Gertz Jake Bratton 《American Journal of Criminal Justice》2012,37(1):19-32
Theoretical and empirical consideration has long been given to the role of subcultural attitudes and how they relate to delinquency
and crime. Recently, Anderson has reconceptualized these early attitudinal depictions by considering the formation and role
of these specific attitudes or ‘code of the street’ among African-Americans in inner-city neighborhoods. A number of important
findings have emerged from this literature, yet much remains to be considered. We contribute to this literature in three specific
ways by examining: (1) the scope of street code attitudes across a wide variety of individuals—and not just inner-city African
American (males) to assess the generalizability of these attitudes; (2) the correlates of street code attitudes; and (3) the
extent to which street code attitudes mediate the relationship between various demographic and attitudinal (self-control)
variables and crime. Theoretical implications and directions for future research are addressed. 相似文献