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881.
Huddy Leonie Billig Joshua Bracciodieta John Hoeffler Lois Moynihan Patrick J. Pugliani Patricia 《Political Behavior》1997,19(3):197-220
We examined the existence of gender-of-interviewer effects in two local-area surveys in which male and female interviewers were randomly assigned to interview male and female respondents. Small but consistent gender-of-interviewer effects arose on questions related to the women's movement, women's issues, and gender equality, demonstrating that, as expected, respondents were more likely to provide feminist answers to female interviewers. Gender-of-interviewer effects were somewhat more pronounced and consistent on controversial political topics: the women's movement (feminists and political activism) and their policy agenda. There was mixed evidence on whether respondents were equally susceptible to gender-of-interviewer effects. In one of the surveys, gender-of-interviewer effects were more pronounced among less well-educated and younger respondents than among respondents who were better educated or older. This effect was not replicated in the second survey. 相似文献
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The paper shows that the “Frey–Schneider–Schultz hypothesis” – that there is a negative relation between the government's popularity and the government's incentives to engineer political business cycles – is consistent with rational, forward-looking voting provided one makes appropriate assumptions about the incumbent's preferences. The empirical part of the paper presents evidence favourable to the hypothesis using quarterly data on US money growth. 相似文献
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A steadily growing literature has emerged in recent years on the role of analogical reasoning in policymaking contexts. However, there has so far been little attempt to anwer the question of where and when analogical reasoning tends to be used. Using Yaacov Vertzberger's situational-motivational nexus framework as starting point, the article examines the decision of the Kennedy administration to wait it out during the substantial stock market crash of 1962. Little evidence is uncovered that the Kennedy and his advisers relied on analogical reasoning to reach this decision, a finding which is surprising given the number of situational and motivational inducements present in the case. The article concludes that a high degree of perceived risk and uncertainty – noticeably absent from the stock market case – is the key situational inducement to analogizing, but suggests that the case tells us something important about the prevalence of rule- as opposed to case-based reasoning. 相似文献
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The concept of health involves two dimensions: The level of function at a point in time and the probability of transition to other levels at future times. By applying measured social values to the distribution of the population among a set of levels, a Function Status Index aptly summarizes the Level-of-Well-Being of a population at a point in time. By incorporating empirically determined transition probabilities into a simple stochastic model, a Quality-Adjusted Life Expectancy can be computed that approximates a comprehensive social indicator for health. The indicators possess the statistical properties required for time series and interpopulation comparisons, for studying outcomes and quality of medical care, and for health system optimization in planning and policy analysis. 相似文献
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Patrick Hayden 《Human Rights Review》2004,6(1):35-55
Conclusion The explicit articulation of a cosmopolitan conception of human security and a corresponding right to peace is a positive
development in global politics, inasmuch as it decenters the state in our understanding of the human community and delegitimizes
organized violence as the generally accepted means for the “continuation” of realist politics. I have argued that just war
theory, when defined in suitably narrow fashion, helps to contribute to our thinking on issues of human security in several
ways. First, it provides a stringent normative framework for a reasonable humanitarian justification of the resort to force.
Second, it enables us to conceptualize significant moral and legal constraints on war and thus on the powers of states to
wage war, thereby displacing the use of force from the statist paradigm of security. Third, it contributes to the delegitimation
of unjust wars, that is, military actions undertaken for any purposes other than human security. Fourth, insofar as it provides
a justificatory basis for the increasing demilitarization of society, it may influence the progressive and just pacification
of global politics.
As long as the types of human wrongs that present the gravest threats to human security continue to haunt the global community,
there remains a need to be able to respond effectively so as to protect the rights and well-being of individuals. This need
poses a genuine dilemma for humanitarian morality and politics, insofar as many of the military capabilities required to defend
and to aid vulnerable persons can also be the source of threats to human life and welfare. Yet the existence of this dilemma
need not lead us either to apathy or to cynicism. The nexus of human security, the right to peace, and just war theory offers
a resolution to the traditional security dilemma by challenging the realist rationale for aggressive militarism, and by supporting
the emergence of global security structures and processes guided by the humanitarian norms of just peace. *** DIRECT SUPPORT
*** A28BB021 00002 相似文献
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