The Role of EU Internal Policies in Implementing Greenhouse Gas Mitigation Options to Achieve Kyoto Targets

This paper reviews the role of internal European Union (EU) policies and measures in implementing the target for greenhouse gas mitigation in the Kyoto Protocol. It starts with a discussion of the EU Burden Sharing Agreement, which distributes the target between Member States. This leads to a review of the appropriate level of implementation of policies, i.e. at the EU level or Member State level. There is a role for the flexible mechanisms of the Protocol, particularly emission permit trading, in complementing Member State policies at the EU level. The implementation is to be done against the background of three major factors which may have an important bearing on the policies: the probable long-term requirement of substantial reductions in greenhouse gas emissions a changing structure of energy markets, following liberalisation of the gas and electricity markets EU enlargement to include economies in transition with the potential for further substantial reductions in emissions.The paper concludes with a discussion of ancillary benefits of the policies that may be substantial and a summary of the position as regards the "unfinished business" of the Protocol to be discussed at the Conference of the Parties in the Hague in November 2000.     

完善农村社会养老保险政府责任机制的探讨

新型农村社会养老保险制度的政府责任存在不少问题,表现在农民养老的历史债务偿还机制、农民参保激励机制、基础养老金调整约束机制、不同层级间政府财政责任约束机制、政府养老金最低待遇承诺机制和补偿机制度、隐形成本的化解机制缺失等方面,因此,需要构建政府责任供给机制,不断完善农村社会养老保险制度。     

从工业社会到生态社会:政府的功能与定位

工业文明在给人类社会带来史无前例经济增长的同时,也给人类赖以生存的自然环境带来了毁灭性的破坏。西方学界和政界对此进行了深刻的反思,开始逐步走向关注生态与社会和谐发展之路。中国社会正处于工业化中期,要怎样发展才能避免重蹈西方社会的覆辙?中国工业社会将走向何方?生态社会的理论为我们提供了全新的视野。什么是生态社会?为什么说生态社会是工业社会的必然走向?在从工业社会到生态社会的转变过程中政府该充当什么样的角色?本文通过对这一系列问题的回答,得出结论:生态社会是工业社会的必然走向,然而工业社会不会自发过渡到生态社会,在这个过程中,政府起到了助推器的作用。     

经济发达镇行政管理体制改革的思考

随着我国城镇化进程的快速推进,部分乡镇迅速发展成为经济发达镇,但传统的乡镇行政管理体制使经济发达镇长期处于责任大、权力小、功能弱、效率低的艰难境地,严重制约了经济发达镇自身的建设、发展和管理。本文在总结经济发达镇的基本特征的基础上,分析了经济发达镇的行政管理体制中目前存在的主要问题,并根据广东、浙江、山东等地在推进经济发达镇行政管理体制改革中的实践经验,对我国经济发达镇的行政管理体制改革提出相关对策建议。     

近年来服务型政府建设研究述评

服务型政府是近年来政府管理研究的重点和难点问题。本文选取2006-2009年发表的近70篇论文,试图梳理服务型政府建设的热点和特点,从研究内容、研究视角、研究领域和研究方法予以评述。籍此扩大、巩固研究共识,明晰公共服务体系建设的方向和任务,以推动服务型政府研究水平的不断提高。     

地方政府行政审批制度改革的困境与对策——基于F市外经贸系统的实证考察

基于流程再造的研究视角,本文对F市外经贸系统中的行政审批事项、内部运营、跨部门与跨层级审批等状况进行了实证考察,指出当前地方政府行政审批制度改革中存在越减越肥与审批拖沓、简政放权中的统筹不足、重审批中的轻监管等问题。文章提出应从提升行政服务中心的窗口办理效能、搭建行政审批网络一体化平台、建立审改公众参与制度、建立审改绩效考评制度等四个方面来推进行政审批制度改革。     

成本转嫁与养老保险的脆弱性

与养老保险相关的成本转嫁可以分为三个方面:(1)社会保险领域之外向养老保险领域的成本转嫁;(2)社会保险内部转嫁;(3)养老保险内部成本转嫁。不断指向养老保险的成本转嫁增加了养老保险的支付风险和脆弱性,严重威胁到我国养老保险的可持续性。本文从地方政府、企业和员工等利益主体的理性行为入手,基于养老保险的俱乐部产品性质,分析地区、代际间以及部门间的养老成本转嫁,进而提出恢复养老保险制度的独立性以及建立养老保险基金收支平衡的评估体系等建议。     

Rural responses to reform in Post-Soviet countries

This review article discusses three books on post-communist agrarian reforms. At the heart of the discussion are questions over the efficacy of market reform and rural responses to reform policies. The article argues that the conception of reform that stemmed from the Washington Consensus was often too narrow and did not always lead to expected results, and indeed, sometimes led to unwanted, unintended results. Nonetheless, the three books are highly suggestive of rural adaptation in most post-communist nations. The nature and degree of adaptation to a new economic environment across several post-communist nations represent a critical mass of rural responses. Instead of seeing rural responses as resistant to change, or victims of change, a more nuanced view of reform appreciates the transformation in social and economic relations engendered by market reform.