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Rachel Arris 《Revue juridique La femme et le droit》2003,15(2):255-281
This article explores the theoretical implications of the concept of waste as it specifically relates to arguments in favour of fetal ovarian tissue use as a source of donor eggs. The author begins by discussing medico-scientific constructions of women's reproductive bodies as wasteful. The article explores the works of Drucilla Cornell on bodily borders, Julia Kristeva on abjection, and Mary Douglas on pollution to develop a nuanced understanding of the relations between waste, women's reproductivity, and abortion in North American mainstream and medico-scientific cultures. This layered reading of waste and abortion deconstructs a significant assumption of arguments in favour of fetal ovarian tissue use as ethical--that such tissue is just "waste." The author suggests that theorizing waste this way may contribute to ethical analyses of uses of other reproductive materials (that is, embryos) that are supported, in part, by an assumption that those materials would otherwise be "wasted." 相似文献
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Patricia Neild 《Family Court Review》1995,33(3):342-360
This article will examine several of the more difficult issues raised by the Freeman case, including the potential conflict between a parent's rights and a child's rights, the concern over legislative intervention in family autonomy, and the obvious struggle the courts are having in making consistent decisions in this area. The focus will be on Canadian child welfare legislation, with particular emphasis on the Nova Scotia legislation, as it relates to the refusal to consent to the medical treatment of a child. Similarly, the case law considered will also be primarily Canadian. The article will concentrate on situations in which the withholding of medical treatment would threaten the life of a child and will discuss the withholding of treatment as it relates to an unborn child, a mentally and/or physically challenged child, and a normal child. 相似文献
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This article explores the context within which abortion law and discourse in Northern Ireland must be situated and understood,
relying in part on post-modern insights into the wider and long-term implications of feminists engaging law and by examining
the strategies employed in Northern Ireland around the issue of abortion. In 2001,the Family Planning Association (Northern
Ireland) took legal action to force the devolved government to defend at a procedural level the unequal and uncertain form
of common law abortion regulation for Northern Ireland. The authors examine the strategy of this review as well as the response
of the High Court, suggesting that while it may begin to challenge the legitimacy of abortion law, feminists and pro-choice
advocates must prepare for challenges beyond that, the greatest being the cultural challenge. The courts, legislators and
other public and political institutions(including the Northern Ireland Human Rights Commission and the Northern Ireland Women's
Coalition) consistently explain the law's lack of provision for women with reference to the `pro-life' majority views of Northern
Irish people. The authors question the legitimacy of this claim in a cultural climate of intimidation against the expression
of alternative views. Women will continue to be marginalised and devalued in this debate if the silencing of the pro-choice
community and bodies responsible for protecting human rights is not redressed. A case is therefore made for a reconceptualisation
of the abortion debate from the perspective of women's agency, which, alongside litigation and other strategies, is necessary
to overcome the cultural censure that currently prevents meaningful dialogue.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
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Studies of budgetary outputs in public organizations are dominated by the theory of incrementalism. This perspective suggests that expenditure decisions are based on simple rules of thumb. We evaluate the validity of incrementalism by examining the annual spending decisions of 403 English local authorities over 15 budgetary cycles. Two budgetary norms are tested empirically: protect the real level of service provision, and follow central expenditure guidelines. Each of these norms is translated into two decision rules: marginality, or the size of deviations from the norm, and regularity, which refers to the consistency of such deviations over time. Few of the statistical results support the hypothesis that local expenditure decisions are dominated by general budgetary norms or specific decision rules. Our evidence therefore casts doubt on the validity of incrementalism as a theory of local budgetary outputs, and as an explanation of spending decisions in the public sector as a whole. 相似文献
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