“贪官外逃”现象分析及其社会司法应对——以防控国家和民众被害为视角

"贪官携款外逃"是我国当下经济犯罪与腐败现象的一个新动向."贪官出逃"事关社会的安定,影响着民众的福祉,对公众"违法必究"的朴素理想构成了巨大的挑战.打击跨国腐败犯罪这一工作涉及更多的国际合作,但更重要的仍是建立起我国国内的预防腐败的制度体系.我们应构建一种全社会参与、各部门配合的整体监控体系.     

军事刑法何以特殊

军事是一种奠基在整体主义观念之上的人类社会活动,整体主义观念意味着以下推论:在个体与整体之间的关系上,个体要服从整体.在个体与个体之间的关系上,要在整体的指导之下进行协同.在个体权益与整体利益发生冲突的情况下,整体有权力牺牲个体.这就使得军事刑法与普通刑法在价值取向上迥然不同.在自由与秩序两大对立的价值范畴之间,军事刑法优先地选择了秩序.在正义与功利两大对立的价值范畴之间,军事刑法功利性地采取了军事利益保护优先,兼顾公平的做法.     

A novel method for the analysis of discharged smokeless powder residues

A novel method for the estimation of intermediate-long firing distance range is proposed. The method is based on the characterization and chemical analysis of the smokeless powder particles on the target. An adhesive lifter is applied to collect the suspected gunshot residues (GSRs) from the surface of an object, and a Modified Griess Test (MGT) is carried out after alkaline hydrolysis on the adhesive lifter. Visualized particles are removed from the adhesive lifter under a microscope. Two systems are used for the analysis of organic discharge residues from the smokeless powder: (1) gas chromatography/thermal energy analysis (GC/TEA) for the analysis of nitroglycerine (NG) and 2,4-dinitrotoluene (2,4-DNT), (2) gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) for the identification of organic components such as DNT, NG, and some stabilizers. By using this procedure and confirming that the suspected particles are indeed GSR, one can estimate the intermediate-long firing distance of c. 0.75-3 m in the presence of very few particles and provide information for the classification of ammunition type in casework.     

论社会管理创新中的刑事法治问题

社会管理创新是当今法学界讨论颇多的一个话题。对于社会管理创新与刑法的关系,要建立在法治的认识前提下,社会管理创新与刑法的基本原则并不冲突,刑法的天然属性使得其与社会管理存在紧密的互动关系,同时,刑法的保障法地位,又决定了社会管理创新需要刑法做坚强的后盾,保障秩序稳定。为了适应社会管理创新的要求,基于两者的契合,刑事法治发展需要从五个方面作出努力:关注社会情势,贯彻宽严相济刑事政策;保障公民权利,重视民生犯罪;"刚柔并济",坚持以人为本;革新纠纷解决机制,灵活、多样化解矛盾;落实行刑社会化,契合多元治理理念。     

Systematical method for polyacrylamide and residual acrylamide detection in cosmetic surgery products and example application

IntroductionIn this paper, the authors presented a case of acrylamide poisoning in a middle-aged woman who had underwent unsuccessful cosmetic surgery six years earlier. The victim was told that the product that had been injected into her face was Restylane®, which mainly contained sodium hyaluronate and was the first and only Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved dermal filler for lip enhancement in the USA for more than 20 years. Widespread facial infections occurred several years post-injection; finally, the victim had to undergo removal surgery. Acrylamide poisoning was strongly suspected based on the victim's clinical manifestation. The product that had been injected into the victim's face was probably polyacrylamide hydrogel-based product, which had been prohibited by the State Food and Drug Administration (SFDA) in China in 2006. To confirm this suspicion, a systematical method was established to differentiate varieties of cosmetic surgery products and identify residential acrylamide.MethodsThe removed objects, original products and a certified reference sample of Restylane® were collected for examination. A direct microscopic examination was applied as a rapid screening method. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) microspectroscopy analysis was subsequently performed to distinguish the main components from each sample. Automated solid phase extraction, ultra high performance liquid chromatography (SPE UHPLC) analysis was ultimately utilised and optimised to detect the residual acrylamide. Chromatographic separation was achieved on an ACQUITY UHPLC HSS T3 column. The mobile phase consisted of 0.01% aqueous formic acid solution and acetonitrile. The tunable UV (TUV) detection wavelength was at 202 nm.ResultsThe microscopic examination indicated that different samples had different morphological characteristics, depending on their main components. The FTIR spectrum showed that different polymers could be distinguished according to the CO stretching vibration (1655 cm^? 1), NH bending vibration (1540 cm^? 1) and CO stretching vibration (1078 and 1045 cm^? 1). The UHPLC results demonstrated that the calibration curve was linear in the range of 0.5–20.0 μg/mL, with a correlation coefficient of 0.999. The average recoveries of the method were 99–107% with an RSD of 1.6–6.3%. The detection limit was 0.1 μg/mL (S/N = 3). The analytical time was 6 min per sample. Acrylamide was detected in the allegedly Restylane® injection.ConclusionsThis systematical method provides a rapid, accurate and sensitive determination of polyacrylamide and residual acrylamide. The microscopic and FTIR spectroscopic examinations help to verify the existence of polyacrylamide quickly and easily. The optimised SPE UHPLC-TUV method offers a simpler and more sensitive approach to confirm the amount of acrylamide, comparing to the methods in the literature.     

利用残缺赤足足迹推算身高

目的由于主客观条件的影响,犯罪现场中常见的足迹多为不完整的残缺足迹,如何能够有效地利用残缺足迹,对案件破获往往具有至关重要的作用。方法从残缺赤足足迹的反映形态出发,选择足迹中明显、稳定的特征点,确定特征量,通过数理统计分析,建立残缺赤足足迹推算身高的经验公式。结果在4个特征量中,跖前缘突点到跟后缘突点的距离与身高的相关性最好,跖内、外缘突点到跟后缘突点的距离与身高具有一定的相关性。结论根据现场残缺赤足足迹的反映情况,也可以近似推断嫌疑人的身高特点,为侦查提供方向。     

高校师德建设的实践与思考

加强师德建设是提高高校办学水平、增强高校核心竞争力的有效手段.加强高校师德建设要注重发挥党风、教风、学风、作风的促进作用.加强师德建设要突出教师自我修养的主导作用、发挥高校良好育人氛围的引领作用、重视高校师德规范的引导作用、发挥高校师德考评监督的主体作用、强化高校师德先进表彰的熏陶作用.     

中央与地方利益均衡分析

我国中央与地方关系的核心内容就是中央与地方的利益关系.在中央与地方的利益博弈中,中央过分集权会严重限制地方的积极性,影响公共利益的整体实现;而理性的地方政府不顾一切地追逐本地区经济利益的最大化,累积到一定程度,最终又会引发公用地的灾难.要解决这一两难问题,必须从制度上明确中央与地方各自的职权范围,逐步健全法律制度的有力制约,同时建立一套政府系统内部有效的治理制度,规范政府权力的正确行使,实现中央与地方利益的制度均衡.     

对我国高新技术产业发展的几点思考

当今世界,科学技术突飞猛进,国力竞争日趋激烈。面对新技术革命迅猛发展的浪潮,世界各国都在积极调整战略,把发展高新技术当作国际经济竞争和综合国力较量的制高点。针对目前我国高新技术产业的发展现状,必须采取灵活的产业政策、实行系统的科技创新、不断优化产业结构等措施,才能缩小与发达国家的差距。     

列宁社会主义建设思想的主要内涵及时代价值探析

列宁十月革命后开始探索社会主义建设道路,在实践中形成了丰富的社会主义建设思想,包括社会主义社会发展阶段思想、社会主义现代化建设和改革思想、培育社会主义治理能力思想等主要内容,是列宁主义的重要组成部分,对中国特色社会主义有重要启示与指导作用。