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181.
THE INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL VALIDITY OF THE REGRESSION DISCONTINUITY DESIGN: A META‐ANALYSIS OF 15 WITHIN‐STUDY COMPARISONS
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Duncan D. Chaplin Thomas D. Cook Jelena Zurovac Jared S. Coopersmith Mariel M. Finucane Lauren N. Vollmer Rebecca E. Morris 《Journal of policy analysis and management》2018,37(2):403-429
Theory predicts that regression discontinuity (RD) provides valid causal inference at the cutoff score that determines treatment assignment. One purpose of this paper is to test RD's internal validity across 15 studies. Each of them assesses the correspondence between causal estimates from an RD study and a randomized control trial (RCT) when the estimates are made at the same cutoff point where they should not differ asymptotically. However, statistical error, imperfect design implementation, and a plethora of different possible analysis options, mean that they might nonetheless differ. We test whether they do, assuming that the bias potential is greater with RDs than RCTs. A second purpose of this paper is to investigate the external validity of RD by exploring how the size of the bias estimates varies across the 15 studies, for they differ in their settings, interventions, analyses, and implementation details. Both Bayesian and frequentist meta‐analysis methods show that the RD bias is below 0.01 standard deviations on average, indicating RD's high internal validity. When the study‐specific estimates are shrunken to capitalize on the information the other studies provide, all the RD causal estimates fall within 0.07 standard deviations of their RCT counterparts, now indicating high external validity. With unshrunken estimates, the mean RD bias is still essentially zero, but the distribution of RD bias estimates is less tight, especially with smaller samples and when parametric RD analyses are used. 相似文献
182.
Rebecca Sutton 《New Political Science》2018,40(4):640-657
ABSTRACTThis article is concerned the everyday practices of international humanitarian actors who deliver assistance in armed conflict zones. Drawing on original fieldwork conducted in South Sudan, it elucidates how humanitarian actors engage with the principle of distinction in international humanitarian law (IHL). The article considers how the desire to enforce distinction impacts humanitarian actors’ relationships with others, and introduces the concept of everyday distinction practices. These practices have an important performance component, designed to appease the “phantom local.” It is proposed that such practices may have adverse implications for the humanitarian–beneficiary encounter. By positioning war-affected populations as an audience for distinction, everyday distinction practices reconfigure the victims of war from being receivers of aid to perceivers of aid. By lumping beneficiaries together with armed actors as part of the “phantom local,” distinction practices also paint the victims of war as an object of mistrust, fear, and potential danger. 相似文献
183.
In 2003, the Workers’ Party took federal office in Brazil on an agenda of social inclusion and popular participation. This paper explores attempts to implement that agenda in big infrastructure projects in the Amazon: the BR-163 road and the Belo Monte dam. We argue that overlapping inequalities (between social groups, within the bureaucracy and between territorial centre and periphery) result in uneven state capacities for implementing projects in the Amazon. This framework helps explain why the government has moved much faster in building infrastructure than in implementing participatory social and environmental programmes that would benefit affected local communities. 相似文献
184.
Although multiple forms (i.e., physical, threatening, psychological, sexual, and relational abuse) and patterns (i.e., perpetration and victimization) of violence can co-occur, most existing research examines these experiences individually. Thus, the purpose of this study is to investigate: (1) homogenous subgroups based on victimization and perpetration of multiple forms of teen dating violence; (2) predictors of membership in these subgroups; and (3) mental health consequences associated with membership in each subgroup. Nine hundred eighteen adolescents in the 9th or 10th grade at seven public high schools in Texas participated in the survey (56?% female, White: 30?%, Hispanic: 32?%, African American: 29?%, others: 9?%). A three-step latent class analysis was employed. Five latent teen dating violence classes were identified: (1) nonviolence; (2) emotional/verbal abuse; (3) forced sexual contact; (4) psychological?+?physical violence; and (5) psychological abuse. Females, African Americans, and youth who had higher acceptance of couple violence scores and whose parents had less education were more likely to members of dating violence classes compared with the nonviolence class. Adolescents who experienced multiple types of dating violence reported greater mental health concerns. Prevention programs may benefit by identifying the homogenous subgroups of teen dating violence and targeting adolescent teen dating violence accordingly. 相似文献
185.
Rebecca L. Billings Stuart T. Hauser Joseph P. Allen 《Journal of youth and adolescence》2008,37(10):1178-1192
Participants (n = 36) with consistent Pre-conformist ego development levels during multiple adolescent assessments were studied to determine
whether and how their ego levels had changed at age 25. Those (n = 12) whose ego levels remained at the Pre-conformist level were assigned to a life-course-persistent profound ego development arrest trajectory group; those (n = 24) whose ego levels reached the Conformist or Post-conformist level at age 25 were assigned to an adolescence-limited profound ego development arrest trajectory group. Analysis of predictors and age 25 correlates of group membership revealed that selected age 14 family interaction
behaviors differentiated the two groups. At age 25, members of the adolescence-limited group showed superior performance on
several measures of interpersonal and intrapersonal functioning.
相似文献
Stuart T. HauserEmail: |
186.
Parental Smoking-specific Communication,Adolescents’ Smoking Behavior and Friendship Selection 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Rebecca N. H. de Leeuw Ron H. J. Scholte Zeena Harakeh Jan F. J. van Leeuwe Rutger C. M. E. Engels 《Journal of youth and adolescence》2008,37(10):1229-1241
In this study, we investigated whether parental smoking-specific communication is related to adolescents’ friendship-selection
processes. Furthermore, we investigated whether adolescents and their best friends influence each other over time, and what
role parents play in this process. In the present study we used data from the Family and Health project in which at baseline
428 full families participated. In this 2-year, three-wave longitudinal study data were available from fathers, mothers, early
adolescents (aged M = 13.4 years, SD = .50), and middle adolescents (aged M = 15.2 years, SD = .60). The majority of the participating adolescents were of Dutch origin (>95%). There was an almost equal distribution
of boys and girls, and adolescents with lower, middle, and higher educational levels were equally represented. Analyses were
conducted by means of Structural Equation Modeling. Results demonstrate that a high quality of the smoking-specific communication
is related to a lower likelihood of adolescent smoking, whereas the frequency is positively associated with adolescent smoking.
Both the quality and frequency of parental smoking-specific communication were related to adolescents’ selective affiliation
with (non-)smoking friends. The findings suggest that parental smoking-specific communication is associated with adolescent
smoking directly but also indirectly by influencing the friends the adolescents will associate with.
Rebecca N. H. de Leeuw is a Ph.D. student at the Behavioural Science Institute. Her research interests include familial influences on adolescent smoking behavior. Ron H. J. Scholte, Ph.D., is an Associate Professor at the Behavioural Science Institute. His research interests include peer influences on adolescent behavior, specifically on bullying and substance use. Zeena Harakeh, Ph.D., is an Assistant Professor at the University of Utrecht. Her research interests include social influences on smoking behavior among adolescents and young adults. Jan F. J. van Leeuwe, Ph.D., is an Assistant Professor at the Behavioural Science Institute. He is an expert on complex multivariate analyses. Rutger C. M. E. Engels, Ph.D., is full professor at the Behavioural Science Institute. His research interests include social influences and the development of problem behavior among adolescents and young adults. 相似文献
Rebecca N. H. de LeeuwEmail: |
Rebecca N. H. de Leeuw is a Ph.D. student at the Behavioural Science Institute. Her research interests include familial influences on adolescent smoking behavior. Ron H. J. Scholte, Ph.D., is an Associate Professor at the Behavioural Science Institute. His research interests include peer influences on adolescent behavior, specifically on bullying and substance use. Zeena Harakeh, Ph.D., is an Assistant Professor at the University of Utrecht. Her research interests include social influences on smoking behavior among adolescents and young adults. Jan F. J. van Leeuwe, Ph.D., is an Assistant Professor at the Behavioural Science Institute. He is an expert on complex multivariate analyses. Rutger C. M. E. Engels, Ph.D., is full professor at the Behavioural Science Institute. His research interests include social influences and the development of problem behavior among adolescents and young adults. 相似文献
187.
The Utility of Forms and Functions of Aggression in Emerging Adulthood: Association with Personality Disorder Symptomatology 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
A sample of 679 (341 women) emerging adults (M = 18.90 years; SD = 1.11; range = 18.00–22.92) participated in a study on the utility of forms (i.e., physical and relational)
and functions (i.e., proactive and reactive) of aggression. We examined the link between these four subtypes of aggression
and personality pathology (i.e., psychopathic features, borderline personality disorder features, and antisocial personality
disorder features). The study supports the psychometric properties (i.e., test–retest reliability, internal consistency, discriminant
validity) of a recently introduced measure of forms and functions of aggression during emerging adulthood. Aggression subtypes
were uniquely associated with indices of personality pathology. For example, proactive (i.e., planned, instrumental or goal-oriented)
and reactive (i.e., impulsive, hostile or retaliatory) functions of relational aggression were uniquely associated with borderline
personality disorder features even after controlling for functions of physical aggression and gender. The results highlight
the differential associations between forms and functions of aggression and indices of personality pathology in typically
developing emerging adults.
Jamie M. Ostrov is an Assistant Professor of Psychology in the Clinical Psychology Program at the University at Buffalo, The State University of New York. Dr. Ostrov received his Ph.D. in Child Psychology from the University of Minnesota—Twin Cities Campus. His research focuses on the development of relational and physical aggression. Rebecca J. Houston is a Research Scientist at the Research Institute on Addictions, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York. Dr. Houston received her Ph.D. in Biopsychology from the University of New Orleans. She completed a postdoctoral fellowship in Alcohol and Drug Abuse Research at the University of Connecticut School of Medicine. Her research focuses on the neurophysiological mechanisms involved in functions of aggression. 相似文献
Jamie M. OstrovEmail: |
Jamie M. Ostrov is an Assistant Professor of Psychology in the Clinical Psychology Program at the University at Buffalo, The State University of New York. Dr. Ostrov received his Ph.D. in Child Psychology from the University of Minnesota—Twin Cities Campus. His research focuses on the development of relational and physical aggression. Rebecca J. Houston is a Research Scientist at the Research Institute on Addictions, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York. Dr. Houston received her Ph.D. in Biopsychology from the University of New Orleans. She completed a postdoctoral fellowship in Alcohol and Drug Abuse Research at the University of Connecticut School of Medicine. Her research focuses on the neurophysiological mechanisms involved in functions of aggression. 相似文献
188.
This article describes trends in suicide attempt visits to emergency departments in the United States (US). Data were obtained from the National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey using mental-health-related ICD-9-CM, E and V codes, and mental-health reasons for visit. From 1992 to 2001, mental-health-related visits increased 27.5% from 17.1 to 23.6 per 1000 (p < .001). Emergency Department (ED) visits for suicide attempt and self injury increased by 47%, from 0.8 to 1.5 visits per 1000 US population (p(trend) = .04). Suicide-attempt-related visits increased significantly among males over the decade and among females from 1992/1993 to 1998/1999. Suicide attempt visits increased in non-Hispanic whites, patients under 15 years or those between 50-69 years of age, and the privately insured. Hospitalization rates for suicide attempt-related ED visits declined from 49% to 32% between 1992 and 2001 (p = .04). Suicide attempt-related visits increased significantly in urban areas, but in rural areas suicide attempt visits stayed relatively constant, despite significant rural decreases in mental-health related visits overall. Ten-year regional increases in suicide attempt-related visits were significant for the West and Northeast only. US emergency departments have witnessed increasing rates of ED visits for suicide attempts during a decade of significant reciprocal decreases in postattempt hospitalization. Emergency departments are increasingly important sites for identifying, assessing and treating individuals with suicidal behavior. 相似文献
189.
Rebecca L. Sherrick 《Women's studies international forum》1982,5(6):655-661
Relatively little has been written about the women's internationalist movement which originated in the late nineteenth century and culminated in opposition to World War I. This article briefly sketches its growth during those years and suggests that the war, far from sundering the bonds between women, provided the opportunity for women to explore their common values and perspectives. In addition, it proposes alternatives and objectives for subsequent scholarly treatments of the topic. 相似文献
190.