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941.
Roger Richman 《国际公共行政管理杂志》2013,36(4):443-465
Emerging forms of intergovernmental management include roles for neutrals in a range of problem solving and conflict management situations. Third party intergovernmental mediation has been used to settle adversarial municipal boundary disputes in Virginia since 1980. Settlements fashioned through mediated negotiations are responsive to local officialst concerns. This paper reports on this innovation. 相似文献
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Dominic A. S. Pearson Cynthia McDougall Mona Kanaan Roger A. Bowles David J. Torgerson 《Journal of Experimental Criminology》2011,7(1):73-102
‘Citizenship’ is a structured probation supervision program based on ‘what works’ principles, designed for offenders on community
orders or licenses supervised within the UK National Probation Service. The program was evaluated using survival analysis
comparing the reconvictions of a cohort of all offenders in one probation area eligible for Citizenship over a 2-year period
(n = 3,819) with those of a retrospective cohort of all eligible offenders in the same probation area receiving ‘traditional’
probation supervision (n = 2,110), controlling for risk related factors. At the 2-year stage, 50% of offenders in the comparison group had reoffended
compared to 41% in the experimental group, and the difference between the survival curves was statistically significant. The
hazard ratio was 0.69, which represents a 31% reduction in reconvictions in the experimental group over the proportion in
the comparison group at any given time. Time to violation of a supervision order or post custody license was also statistically
significantly longer in the experimental group. A key element of the program, promoting contact with community support agencies,
was statistically significantly related to reduced reoffending in the Citizenship group. The overall effects remained after
controlling for differences in risk scores although effectiveness varied by risk level. Contrary to other ‘what works’ research
findings, the program was found to be most effective across the low–medium and medium–high risk thresholds, and was not effective
with the highest risk group. This difference can be explained and is discussed in terms of risk, need, and responsivity principles.
The Citizenship program was found to be cost-beneficial. 相似文献
946.
Levesque RJ 《Journal of youth and adolescence》2011,40(12):1565-1567
947.
Byramji A Gilbert JD Byard RW 《The American journal of forensic medicine and pathology》2011,32(2):140-142
Three cases are reported to demonstrate the range of possible lesions and wide variation in lethal mechanisms that may be found in cases of unexpected death subsequently shown to be due to bacterial endocarditis. Case 1: A 36-year-old man was found dead on his bedroom floor surrounded by drug paraphernalia. At autopsy, acute myocardial ischemia was present caused by coronary artery ostial occlusion complicating acute bacterial endocarditis of the aortic valve. Case 2: A 54-year-old man with chronic renal failure was found dead in bed at home. At autopsy, a left middle cerebral artery territory cerebral infarct was present due to septic embolization from bacterial endocarditis involving the aortic valve. Case 3: A 23-year-old man was found collapsed in a pool of blood. At autopsy, upper airway hemorrhage from an arteriobronchial fistula was present caused by septic pulmonary infarction from previous endocarditis of a congenital ventricular septal defect. This report demonstrates that bacterial endocarditis may still be a cause of sudden and unexpected death presenting to forensic mortuaries and that the underlying mechanisms may involve complex sequences of pathological changes that compromise vascular function. 相似文献
948.
The Medicare program faces a serious challenge: it must find ways to control costs but must do so through a system of congressional oversight that necessarily limits its choices. We look at one approach to prudent purchasing - competitive pricing - that Medicare has attempted many times and in various ways since the beginning of the program, and in all but one case unsuccessfully due to the politics of provider opposition working through Congress and the courts. We look at some related efforts to change Medicare pricing to explore when the program has been successful in making dramatic changes in how it pays for health care. A set of recommendations emerges for ways to respond to the impediments of law and politics that have obstructed change to more efficient payment methods. Except in unusual cases, competitive pricing threatens too many stakeholders in too many ways for key political actors to support it. But an unusual case may arise in the coming Medicare fiscal crisis, a crisis related in part to the prices Medicare pays. At that point, competitive pricing may look less like a problem and more like a solution coming at a time when the system badly needs one. 相似文献
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Retrospective review of cases of suicide involving helium inhalation was undertaken at Forensic Science South Australia over a 25-year period from 1985 to 2009. No cases of helium-related suicides were identified in the first 15 years of the study, with one case between 2000 and 2004 and eight cases between 2005 and 2009. Australian data were also reviewed from 2001 to 2009 that showed 30 cases between January 2001 and June 2005, compared to 79 cases between July 2005 and December 2009, an increase of 163%. A review of Swedish data between 2001 and 2009 showed no cases between January 2001 and June 2005, compared to seven cases between July 2005 and December 2009. Thus, all three areas showed recent and striking increases in cases of suicide involving helium inhalation. Given the availability of helium and the recent promotion of this method of suicide, it is quite possible that this may represent a newly emerging trend in suicide deaths. 相似文献
950.
The rise of India and the EU as global actors has sparked growing interest in their peace-building approaches. This paper compares the objectives and effects of the EU's and India's engagement in different conflict contexts within and alongside their borders. It examines whether their practices of conflict resolution or peace-building strive for more than conflict management or ‘governmentality’. This article asks whether there is sufficient consistency across either actors' governance interventions to even speak of a distinct ‘strategy’ or ‘governance culture’. It illustrates the close relationship between governance and conflict response initiatives but finds that the relationship is often dysfunctional. 相似文献