细胞mRNA检测鉴别外周血和月经血

目的探讨鉴别月经血和外周血的一种新方法。方法采集月经血和外周血样本,试剂盒提取样本RNA,反转录试剂盒反转录后得到cDNA,利用挑选的引物进行PCR扩增,检测若干个特定基因mRNA的表达情况。结果发现在外周血中可检测到SPTB(β-血影蛋白)、PBGD(卟胆原脱氨酶)基因mRNA,但检测不到MMP-7(基质金属蛋白酶-7)基因mRNA;而在月经血中三种基因mRNA都可以检测到。结论检测SPTB mRNA、PBGD mRNA、MMP-7 mRNA的表达有可能鉴别外周血和月经血。     

隐性双轨制：刑法中保安处分的教义学阐释

我国现行法律中虽无保安处分的概念,但在刑法中已实质性地存在保安处分,其与刑罚共同构成刑法所规定的法律后果,由此形成“隐性双轨制”的格局。对保安处分规范的识别,首先应从与罪责的关系上、目的与功能的差异上明晰刑罚与保安处分的基本界分,进而从法律特征上区分刑罚规范与保安处分规范,最终将现行刑法中的保安处分措施“挖掘”出来。澄清现行刑法中保安处分措施的性质和法律地位,有利于确保这类措施的正当适用,同时也有利于保障个人的基本权利免受不当干涉。     

Son Preference and Household Income in Rural China

Why is it that couples who have a son or whose last child is a son earn higher conditional income? To solve this curious case we tell a detective story: evidence of a phenomenon to be explained, a parade of suspects, a process of elimination from the enquiry, and then the denouement. Given the draconian family planning policy and a common perception that there is strong son preference in rural China, we postulate two main hypotheses: income-based sex selection making it more likely that richer households have sons, and an incentive for households with sons to raise their income. Tests of each hypothesis are conducted. Taken as a whole, the tests cannot reject either hypothesis but they tend to favour the incentive hypothesis; and there is evidence in support of the channels through which the incentive effect might operate. To our knowledge, this is the first study to test these hypotheses against each other in rural China and more generally in developing countries.     

Physician recruitment and retention: A rural-suburban comparison

This study examined the recruitment and retention experience of medical group practices (MGPs), based on a 1991 national survey of all administrators of MGPs who are members of the Medical Group Management Association. Specifically, we compared rural (n=269) and suburban (n=169) MGPs regarding their recruitment and reten tion experience to assess the relevancy of physician recruitment theories that focus on the characteristics of the physician, practice, or community. The results indicate that, in terms of physician personal characteristics, rural MGPs were more likely to view rural background and exposure to rural practice as important to both recruitment and retention than suburban MGPs. The finding that both rural and suburban MGPs needed family practice physicians most and found it difficult to recruit them suggests the need for more primary care tracks in medical schools and the enhancement of primary care physician reimbursements relative to other specialties. In terms of practice characteristics, our study shows most rural and suburban MGPs were concerned about the financial aspects of the practice environment and provided generous recruiting benefits. In terms of community characteristics, physician's spouse and family was identified as an important factor particularly by rural MGPs.     

支出竞争理论:来自公共预算和政治经济学的共同关注

在有限资源的条件下,竞争是公共预算过程的基本特征之一,处理竞争更是预算政治中的关键主题,但预算过程与财政支出过程中的"竞争"本身却长期被研究者们所忽视。公共预算领域和政治经济学领域分别对支出竞争进行了一些理论分析和实证研究,但他们的研究过于集中在西方国家的国防与社会福利支出关系之上,对其他支出间竞争关系以及对中国预算竞争的研究非常少。而且,各领域的支出竞争研究成果之间缺少必要的交流和沟通,以至于至今没有形成一套完整的"支出竞争理论"体系。所以,从支出竞争研究本身的重要性以及该理论当前所遭遇的尴尬处境出发,对支出竞争的描述性和解释性理论构建,以及对中国支出竞争事实的定量分析都有待进一步加强。     

ISO9000族标准在推进马克思主义大众化过程中的运用

在推进马克思主义大众化过程中引入ISO9000族标准,是深入推进马克思主义大众化的最新探索.通过对ISO9000族标准运用大众化的可行性、作用以及运用原则的分析,并把推进大众化的原则、方法和理论与ISO9000族标;位的原则、方法和理论有机结合起来,坚持科学的运用原则,从而为当代进一步推进马克思主义大众化工作提供崭新的思路     

党内反腐倡廉法规研究

自1938年党内法规一词提出后,不同时期研判党内法规范围的标准不同.2013年《中国共产党党内法规制定条例》公布后,党内法规的范围应当按照其规定的法定标准判断.腐败是国家公职人员利用公共权力实施的违反法律规范的滥用权力、谋取私利、有社会危害性、严重损害公共利益的行为.党内反腐败法规应在狭义上使用,仅指党中央、中央纪律检查委员会、中央各部门层面制定的对腐败行为本身加以规制的党内法规.     

论法律监督权:权利抑或权力?

法律监督既可以是一种权利,也可以是一种权力。法律监督权力和法律监督权利有着本质上的区别。法律监督权力实际上是国家机关享有的各种权力体系中的不具有独立性格的一种特殊权力类型,是所有国家权力具有的一种客观功能与属性。狭义的法律监督权力,专指为了使主国家权力更好地实现,法律赋予国家机关的具有直接控制或制约性质的权力,这种权力在国家机关权力中处于次要或辅助的地位。