程序正义及其局限性

程序正义是现代法的程序结构派生出的一种伦理形态 ,其本质为程序之中的伦理、非人格化的伦理、相对化和形式化的伦理、程序化的制度伦理。现实当中的程序正义是选举、司法以及立法、行政管理正当化的观念基础 ,宪政民主体制的伦理内涵。然而 ,程序正义之不幸在于其代表的乃是强者的正义 ,因而对弱者的权利保障是宪政民主体制不可缺少的组成部分。     

侵权冲突法一般规则之确立——基于罗马Ⅱ与中国侵权冲突法的对比分析

2007年欧盟《非合同之债法律适用条例》(罗马Ⅱ)是侵权冲突法立法的典范。罗马Ⅱ洋溢着平衡与理性的精神,但关键处亦偏袒欧盟国家的利益需要。中国侵权冲突法已经严重滞后于时代。对比罗马Ⅱ与中国侵权冲突法的一般规则,指陈各自的利弊得失,揭示各自所需服务的特殊法律政策,探索侵权行为地法、共同住所地法、最密切联系原则和意思自治这四大系属公式在侵权冲突法的一般规则中的最佳结合方式,有助于我国在当下的国际私法立法中构建科学合理的侵权冲突法的一般规则。     

"国家尊重和保障人权"之法律关系解读

从法律关系的视角,探析我国《宪法(修正案)》"国家尊重和保障人权"这一条款的法理意蕴,应当强调公民是人权关系的权利主体,而国家则是尊重和保障人权的义务主体。国家在尊重和保障人权中担当义务主体有其历史必然性和现实必要性,同时要正确理解国家概念及其变化、国家和个人的关系。人权主体具有普遍性和多样性,人权主体的普遍性关涉权利平等问题,个人人权、集体人权和群体人权的性质各不相同。人权的分类既有传统的分类理论,也出现了新的分类方法,国家尊重人权的义务和保障人权的义务是两种内涵不同的义务。     

Validation studies of the ParaDNA® Intelligence System with artificial evidence items

Short tandem repeat (STR) profiling is one of the mostly used systems for forensic applications. In certain circumstances, STR profiling is time-consuming and costly, which potentially leads to delays in criminal investigations. LGC (Laboratory of the Government Chemist, UK) Forensics has developed a robust STR profiling platform called the ParaDNA^® Intelligence Test System which can provide early tactical intelligence and aid investigators in making informed decisions on sample prioritization for detection. Here, we validated the ParaDNA intelligence test for its application in forensic cases using a range of mock evidence items following guidelines set by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM). Specifically, we tested the sensitivity and accuracy of the ParaDNA intelligence test, as well as the success rates for detecting mock samples and for use in case scenarios. Our findings demonstrate that the ParaDNA intelligence test generates useful DNA profiles, especially for samples such as blood, saliva, and semen that contain ample DNA, indicating the benefits of including ParaDNA as a prior step in forensic STR profiling pipelines.     

China’s ten years in the wto: its performance and new challenges

Becoming a member of the WTO in 2001 was a historic event of great significance during the process of China’s reform and opening up. Since then, China has steadily pushed forward the reform and opening up policy, proactively seizing the opportunities of economic globalization and positively utilizing the multilateral trading system to develop economic and trade relations with other countries, all of which have contributed to the great economic and social achievements during the first decade of 21st century. However, there are different opinions on China’s futuristic role in the WTO, and those disagreements resulting from various interest preferences are not only one-sided and limited, but also triggering off the discussions on the criteria to assess China’s performance in the WTO. This article argues that China’s activities in the WTO (i.e., implementing WTO commitments, participating in the Doha Round negotiation, the dispute settlement and trade policy review) should be a kind of assessment criteria. Based on comprehensive observation of China’s performance in the WTO, it is concluded in this article that China’s participation in the WTO system and global trade governance extends the scope of world trade law, improves its effectiveness, constitutes China’s new contributions to implement treaty obligations in good faith, resolves peacefully international trade disputes, and maintains substantively the international rule of law. At the same time, it has not only caused new driving forces for international trading system, but also made China face new challenges in the WTO.     

论“认罪态度”在量刑情节中的定位

传统刑法和司法实践将"认罪态度"定位于酌定量刑情节,由于立法的模糊性和司法人员的认识差异,造成了量刑时空上的不平衡。本文认为,随着"自首"、"立功"和"坦白"的逐步法定化,将"积极退赃"和"赔偿损失"升格为法定量刑情节的条件已经具备。它不仅没有违背罪刑法定原则,而且依赖于刑罚改造理论和人身危险性理论的理论支撑,还有相关法律和司法解释作为法律基础及外国立法提供的参考和借鉴。因此,应将"积极退赃"和"赔偿损失"升格为法定量刑情节的条件和从宽处罚的具体标准,实现"认罪态度"在量刑情节中法律地位的转变及司法的公平与公正。     

职务侵占罪与盗窃罪定性法则探究

盗窃罪与职务侵占罪的辨析一直是办案实务中的争议难点。结合实际案例,笔者就盗窃罪与职务侵占罪如何准确定性,提出了四大定性法则:"工作之便"抑或"职务之便"定性法则、是否"具有合法权限持有、管理单位财物"定性法则、法益定性法则和法益定性法则。     

论我国中小企业界定标准的完善

为了扶植中小企业发展，各国均制定有促进中小企业发展的法律政策，这些法律政策首先要解决的问题就是对扶持对象——中小企业进行科学的界定。我国目前中小企业划分标准在实施中遇到了一些问题，应该采取定性和定量标准相结合的方式，重新界定小企业的内涵，简化中小企业的划分指标，细化中小企业划分标准，并将中小企业界定标准覆盖到全部第三产业。     

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<正>The China-Myanmar pipeline is a vital artery connecting both nations Zayar Oo has never been to China and has little idea of what it is like there.Yet there is a strong link between the 37-year-old villager from Myanmar and the country’s northern neighbor—the Myanmar-China crude oil pipeline which snakes from Made Island on the western     

An Evolving Bloc

<正>SCO collaboration expands in tandem with the development of international circumstances The Shanghai Cooperation Organization(SCO)held its 16th meeting of the Council of Heads of Government in the Russian resort city of Sochi from November 30to December 1.It was the first meeting of its kind since the regional bloc expanded its membership in June to include India and Pakistan.The SCO now has China,Kazakhstan,Kyrgyzstan,Russia,Tajikistan,