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131.
Megan Stubbs-Richardson H. Colleen Sinclair Rebecca M. Goldberg Chelsea N. Ellithorpe Suzanne C. Amadi 《American Journal of Criminal Justice》2018,43(1):39-66
The present study examines gender differences in bullying in high school. Unique contributions include comparisons of both victimization and perpetration rates across four subtypes of bullying: physical, verbal, relational, and cyber. Further, as we conceptualize bullying within the larger framework of literature on social rejection, we also address whether there are gender differences in experiencing social rejection–in the form of bullying–and responding with aggression, as opposed to asocial or prosocial behavior. The literature yields mixed findings across these three questions (i.e., gender differences in experiences with victimization and perpetration and responses to those experiences), suggesting sample variations (Archer Review of General Psychology, 8(4), 291–322, 2004; Archer & Coyne Personality and Social Psychology Review, 9, 212–230, 2005; Card, Stucky, Sawalani, & Little Child Development, 79, 1185–1229, 2008). Thus, we explored experiential differences in our sample, and hypothesized based on the tend and befriend model (Taylor et al., 2000) that girls would be more likely than boys to respond to bullying with prosocial behaviors. With regard to victimization and perpetration differences, we found that male students both experienced and perpetrated significantly more physical bullying. Boys were also significantly more likely to report experiencing verbal bullying than girls. No significant differences emerged for relational or cyber bullying. With regard to responses, social withdrawal was more common than aggressive responding, but consistent with the tend and befriend model, girls chose prosocial responses significantly more than boys, whereas boys were just as likely to choose antisocial responding as prosocial responding. These results suggest that gender should be considered in studies addressing the question of when experiences with rejection–in its many forms–results in antisocial versus prosocial behavior. 相似文献
132.
Katherine Hildebrandt Karraker Suzanne L. Evans 《Journal of youth and adolescence》1996,25(5):651-666
Adolescent mothers of 8- to 14-month-old infants gave fewer correct responses on the Developmental Milestones Survey (DMS) and were less accurate in predicting whether or not their infants would pass Bayley items than adult mothers of same-aged infants. Adolescent mothers were more likely to underestimate their infant's performance if the mothers received lower scores on the DMS, especially if they were likely to guess too young an age when they missed DMS items. Adult mothers, on the other hand, were more likely to underestimate their infant's performance if the mothers were likely to guess too old an age when they missed DMS items. Some adolescent mothers thus expect too little too late from their own infant and too much too soon from the average infant. These mothers may fail to encourage their infant's development and may perceive their infant as less competent than other infants because of these expectations.This article is based on a master's thesis completed by the second author. An earlier version of these findings was presented at the meeting of the Society for Research in Child Development, New Orleans, Louisiana, March 1993.Received Ph.D., from Michigan State University. Research interests include adults' perceptions of infants and infant emotional regulation.Received M.A. from West Virginia University. Research interests include adolescent parenting and infant social development. 相似文献
133.
Research on children's eyewitness testimony demonstrates that interviewer-provided social support given during a mock forensic interview helps children resist an interviewer's misleading suggestions about past events. We proposed and tested 1 potential mechanism underlying support effects: Resistance Efficacy, or children's perceived self-efficacy for resisting an interviewer's suggestions. Eighty-one 6- and 7-year-old children experienced a play event, then were interviewed about the event with misleading and specific questions. Consistent with prior research, children interviewed by a supportive person were more resistant to misleading suggestions than were those interviewed by a nonsupportive person. Although Resistance Efficacy did not mediate the effects of interviewer support in the full sample, additional analyses revealed that Resistance Efficacy may be a mediator for older, but not younger, children. Contrary to predictions, children's preexisting social support reserves were not related to children's interview accuracy nor to perceived Resistance Efficacy. Implications for psychological theory are discussed, as well as implications for understanding and improving children's eyewitness reports. 相似文献
134.
Performance information is crucial to effective management. Computer-based information systems (CBIS) now play a significant role in the effective delivery of information to senior managers. Executive information systems (EIS) are emerging as popular tools to assist organisations in their strategic decision-making processes. This trend has spread from the private to the public sector, and is now evident in Australian government organizations
This article draws on the findings of a survey into the uses and benefits of CBIS and EIS, from a sample of Australian local government organisations. The study shows that lessons from the private sector are being heeded by system developers in public organisations, leading to successful EIS projects, or at least improved CBIS. The study indicates that EIS, which were originally developed for profit-oriented private companies, are now seen as appropriate for many public sector organisations, providing effective delivery of information to senior managers. Survey results indicate that improved information systems give executives a more accurate picture of their organisation's performance and so provide support for improved strategic decision-making. In addition, EIS are seen by respondents as offering significant benefits not only to managers but also to the rest of the organization. 相似文献
This article draws on the findings of a survey into the uses and benefits of CBIS and EIS, from a sample of Australian local government organisations. The study shows that lessons from the private sector are being heeded by system developers in public organisations, leading to successful EIS projects, or at least improved CBIS. The study indicates that EIS, which were originally developed for profit-oriented private companies, are now seen as appropriate for many public sector organisations, providing effective delivery of information to senior managers. Survey results indicate that improved information systems give executives a more accurate picture of their organisation's performance and so provide support for improved strategic decision-making. In addition, EIS are seen by respondents as offering significant benefits not only to managers but also to the rest of the organization. 相似文献
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137.
Christina B. Gee Christopher M. McNerney Michael J. Reiter Suzanne C. Leaman 《Journal of youth and adolescence》2007,36(2):213-224
Data from the Fragile Families and Child-Well-being Study were used to examine predictors of involvement among fathers of
young children (N=2,215) born to adolescent and young adult mothers (ages 14–25; N=2,850). Participants were interviewed immediately following their baby's birth and at 3-years postpartum regarding co-parental
relationship quality, fathers’ caretaking behavior (“father involvement”), and fathers’ provision of material support for
the child (“in-kind” support). Early postnatal and 3-year postpartum parental relationship quality and father-child cohabitation
predicted 3-year father involvement while early father involvement did not. The race of fathers, specifically African American,
was associated with lower levels of father involvement. For in-kind support, 3-year father-child cohabitation and 3-year relationship
quality were both positively associated with provision of in-kind support. Father's income was not a significant predictor
but mother's involvement with a new partner at the 3-year follow-up was marginally significant. Lastly, the race of fathers,
specifically African American and Latino, was associated with provision of less in-kind support.
Christina B. Gee, Ph.D., Department of Psychology, The George Washington University, Christina Gee's research interests include
coparenting and father involvement during transition to parenthood among adolescent mothers and fathers, adolescent mothers’
psychological adjustment, and romantic relationships among at-risk couples.
Christopher M. McNerney, B.A., Department of Psychology, George Washington University, Christopher McNerney's research interests
include marginalized couples, couples interventions, and family treatments to improve parenting outcomes.
Michael J. Reiter, B.A., Department of Psychology, George Washington University, Michael Reiter's research interests include
interfaith and interracial romantic relationships within a family systems approach.
Suzanne C. Leaman, B.A., Department of Psychology, George Washington University, Suzanne Leaman's research interests include
adolescents and young families, minority mental health, low-income communities, and the implications of dating violence for
mental health. 相似文献
138.
Langer Lilly M. Tubman Jonathan G. Duncan Suzanne 《Journal of youth and adolescence》1998,27(4):513-538
This study described multivariate patterns of associations among psychological distress, anticipated mortality, and perceived vulnerability to HIV among urban, multiethnic samples of (a) adolescents (N = 120) undergoing substance abuse treatment, and (b) young adult university students (N = 222). While there were significant correlations between (a) psychological distress and reported vulnerability to HIV in the treatment sample; and (b) psychological distress and anticipated mortality in the university sample, there was no significant relation between anticipated mortality and perceived vulnerability to HIV in either sample. Cluster analysis revealed four distinct and meaningful groups in both samples, including parallel high- and low-functioning subgroups. Multivariate group differences in both samples were validated via corresponding group differences in (a) motives for drinking during sex, and (b) markers of serious psychological distress (e.g., suicidal thoughts and attempts). The findings challenge popular sterotpes of adolescents' perceptions of their own mortality and vulnerability to HIV and may have significant implications for the planning and implementation of effective HIV preventions among at-risk youth. 相似文献
139.
140.
Rebecca S. Just M.F.S. ; Mark D. Leney Ph.D. ; Suzanne M. Barritt M.S. ; Christopher W. Los M.S.F.S. ; Brion C. Smith D.D.S. ; Thomas D. Holland Ph.D. ; Thomas J. Parsons Ph.D. 《Journal of forensic sciences》2009,54(4):887-891
Abstract: Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in an 11-plex assay were typed in three missing person cases involving highly degraded human remains. Unlike the traditional forensic approach to analyzing mtDNA which focuses on sequencing portions of the noncoding Control Region, this assay targets discriminatory SNPs that reside principally in the coding region. In two of the cases, the SNP typing successfully excluded one of two reference families that could not be excluded on the basis of mtDNA hypervariable region sequencing alone, and resulted in the final resolution of both decades-old cases. In a third case, SNP typing confirmed the sorting and reassociation of multiple commingled skeletal elements. The application of a specific mtDNA SNP assay in these cases demonstrates its utility in distinguishing samples when the most common Caucasian hypervariable region type is encountered in forensic casework. 相似文献