权力对象集束化的逆选择——群体性事件成因分析

群体性事件不能简单视之为非理性行为,它是权力对象仿照国家权力运行体制而进行的自发性集束,是制度设计的中介组织不能反映甚至阻断权力对象个体的利益诉求时,权力对象个体促使权力行使的模式。权力对象自发集束化的根源在于权力和权力对象个体权利的矛盾,是权力对象个体促使权力运行,自身权利实现的博弈选择。然而权力对象个体利益诉求以集束形式出现时,权力主体被迫参与博弈,却又陷入了博弈对象选择的困境：合法的组织没有代表性,有代表性的组织没有合法性。     

论邓小平的社会主义市场经济理论——纪念我国经济体制改革30周年

改革开放伟大事业,是以邓小平为核心的党的第二代中央领导集体带领全党全国各族人民开创的.在深化经济体制改革,健全和完善社会主义市场经济体制建设的今天,我们要始终坚持邓小平创立的社会主义市场经济理论,永远铭记和学习邓小平创立社会主义市场经济理论的非凡勇气和高超智慧.     

特殊犯罪预防的情绪内化研究

违法亚文化群体与主流文化群体以不同的评价标准对行为人进行了迥异的评价,进而引起行为人具有强烈反差的情绪,这一现象是社会文化内化于个体的原理的一个表现。由于社会化终生性的特点,儿童、青少年期和成年期的行为人都有可塑性。虽然不同年龄段的行为人各处于社会化不同阶段,其可塑性有异,但是各年龄段的行为人均能运用相同的基本原理进行矫治:个体行为做出后受到社会反馈,反馈经过行为人主观认识的加工,形成具有正强化效果或负强化效果的情绪,从而影响认知,改变行为。     

科学发展观视域下的公共政策创新

为适应创新型国家建设、构建和谐社会的需要,公共政策必须及时创新。科学发展观为公共政策理念创新、内容创新和政策手段创新指明了方向。因此,在实现公共政策创新目标的过程中,政策主体必须深入学习与实践科学发展观,实现政策理念的转变;废旧立新并举,实现政策内容的切换;创新政策运行机制,实现政策目标的转换。     

Capsule shells adulterated with tadalafil

Following a health complaint a food supplement was brought in for analysis on the suspicion of being adulterated with a synthetic drug substance. When the capsule content did not show evidence of adulteration, the capsule shell was investigated. Using HPLC-DAD and HPLC-MS the capsule shell was found to contain 2.85 mg of the erectile dysfunction drug tadalafil. Using microscopy and RAMAN spectroscopy the presence of tadalafil was shown throughout the gelatine matrix as particles and dissolved into the matrix. The adulteration is probably carried out by adding tadalafil powder to a gelatine jelly in the manufacturing of the capsules shells. Because this technique may also be used for other drug substances, capsules shells should be considered a vehicle for hiding drug substances in general.     

Foster youth and crime: Employing general strain theory to promote understanding

Purpose

Despite the growing research evidence into vulnerability, disadvantage, and poor outcomes for young people leaving foster care, relatively little attention has been paid to our understanding of criminal engagement. The present study contributes to our understanding of this process by drawing on general strain theory (GST) to examine how specific forms of strain may lead to crime among foster youth.

Methods

Data from a national study of post-care foster youth in England are examined using robust logistic regression analysis, and a thematic analysis of qualitative interviews. Logistic regression was applied to conduct a simultaneous analysis of main and interaction effects of strains and conditioning variables on crime involvement among foster youth. Thematic analysis was utilised to explore themes for explaining the quantitative findings.

Results

Strains such as unemployment, school exclusion, length of time in care and instability of placement were significant predictors for involvement in criminal activity among foster youth. Conditioning factors, namely self-esteem and life skills acquired prior to leaving care, tend to mediate the relationship between these strains and criminal involvement. In-depth qualitative evidence further reinforced the effects of strains and conditional nature of the strains-crime relationship among foster youth.

Conclusions

The findings demonstrate the utility of employing GST in studies of foster youth, and they suggest implications for youth services and other foster youth programmes.     

A simplified clustering method for novice narcotic chemists

Statistical classification remains the most useful statistical tool for forensic chemists to assess the relationships between samples. Many clustering techniques such as principal component analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis have been employed to analyze chemical data for pattern recognition. Due to the feeble foundation of this statistics knowledge among novice drug chemists, a tetrahedron method was designed to simulate how advanced chemometrics operates. In this paper, the development of the graphical tetrahedron and computational matrices derived from the possible tetrahedrons are discussed. The tetrahedron method was applied to four selected parameters obtained from nine illicit heroin samples. Pattern analysis and mathematical computation of the differences in areas for assessing the dissimilarity between the nine tetrahedrons were found to be user-convenient and straightforward for novice cluster analysts.     

Gas chromatographic method validation for the analysis of major components in illicit heroin seized in Malaysia

Apart from routine analysis of total morphine content required by the criminal justice system, quantification of other major components in illicit heroin has not been considered by the Malaysian enforcement laboratory. In order to quantify various other cutting agents in addition to alkaloids, a gas chromatographic (GC) method was developed to facilitate simultaneous quantification of eight target analytes commonly found in illicit heroin seized in Malaysia within a 12 min run time. The validation results demonstrated high selectivity with the use of an HP Ultra 2 capillary column. Different solvents were studied and methanol:chloroform (1:9) proved best for sample dissolution. The method was repeatable and reproducible. The study ranges covering 50-150% of the preferred concentrations of the eight analytes obtained r(2)>0.9997. Limits of detection up to 6μg/mL were also obtained and the method achieved 99-102% recovery. The capability of the method in heroin profiling was verified using samples from ten case samples.     

范例教学理论在经济法学教学中的运用——模拟法庭教学法探微

当代中国的法学教育正在由知识型向素质型转变。创设于范例教学理论基础的模拟法庭教学法作为一种行之有效的教学方法,因与法学素质教育目标以及经济法学教学要求的契合而在经济法学教学中发挥着日益重要的作用。