Evaluation of portable gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) for the analysis of fentanyl,fentanyl analogs,and other synthetic opioids

Potent synthetic opioids including fentanyl and its analogs are frequently encountered in the field and require detection and identification by first responders to maintain the safety of drug abusers, first responders, health-care providers, and the public at large. Due to the low concentration at which these substances may be encountered and the complicating matrices within which they may be dispersed, the use of portable gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) for their identification in the field offers great potential value. This research established that portable GC–MS is a useful method for the detection and identification of a large number of synthetic opioids, especially fentanyl and its analogs. In this study, 250 synthetic opioids and related substances including 210 fentanyl analogs were analyzed using portable GC–MS. It was concluded that 225 of the 250 (90.0%) opioids analyzed were successfully detected onboard at the time of analysis and identified as either the substance (55.2%) or an analog (34.8%). These outcomes have equivalent benefit for the field analysis of illicit drugs due to both initiating the same subsequent actions by first responders.     

论法院调解保密原则

调解保密性是现代社会法院调解程序发展的内在要求。调解保密性包括调解程序保密性和调解信息保密性。我国关于调解保密性的规定主要关注调解程序的保密性,但调解保密性更要求调解信息保密性。明确调解信息保密性的含义,合理规制＂调解保密信息＂的范围,建构多元化的调解保密适用方式,是多元化纠纷解决机制稳健运行的重要前提。     

医疗物品致人损害责任的举证制度研究

医疗物品致人损害责任是医疗损害责任的一种特殊形式,同时又具有产品责任的某些特点。对外．药品、消毒药剂和医疗器械致损的归责原则是无过错原则;而血液致损的归责原则是过错原则。对内。医疗机构承担的是无过错责任．因此在无过错时有权向最终的责任主体追偿。医疗物品责任实行的是“谁主张。谁举证”的归责原则,因此受损害方承担了证明医疗损害责任三个构成要件的证明责任;而医疗产品生产商和医疗机构都可以通过举证《产品质量法》规定的法定情况的存在而免责,但医疗机构不得对“未投入流通”这一情况而免责．血液提供机构承担了证明自己不存在过错的举证责任。为了更好的平衡举证责任和举证能力．我国应该对与证据价值密切相关的两个制度证据保全和医疗鉴定予以完善。     

地方立法的基本目标和对策建议——以浙江省为视角

中国特色社会主义法律体系的形成,对地方立法提出了新的更高要求。新形势下,地方立法指导思想和重点要着力实现四个转变。要以科学发展观为指导,不断创新地方立法理念;以推动科学发展、全面建成惠及全体人民的小康社会为宗旨,进一步突出立法工作重点;以尊重立法规律、遵循立法规则为准则,进一步坚持和完善立法工作原则;以推进创新、完善机制为途径,进一步增强地方立法工作的生机和活力。     

政府职能转变与反腐败的相关性分析

政府职能转变是我国经济体制改革和政治体制改革中的重大课题 ,也与当前的反腐败斗争密切相关。文章对政府职能转变与反腐败之间的相关性进行分析 ,指出我国政府职能转变滞后是腐败现象滋生的结构性原因 ,而加快政府职能转变是遏制腐败的重要途径 ;与此同时 ,反腐败又能促进政府职能的顺利转变。     

城市管理相对集中行政处罚权应正确处理的几大关系

为了更好地推进城市管理相对集中行政处罚权工作,使之在我国政治体制改革中发挥应有的作用,有必要正确处理五大关系,即:相对集中行政处罚权与行政机构改革的关系;城市管理分权与集权的关系;综合执法与专业执法的关系;行政审批权与行政处罚权的关系;国务院的其他规范性文件与法律法规的关系。     

Chinese labor relations in a changing work environment

The work environment in Chinese factories is a unique combination of elements in socialist central planning, traditional kinship ties, and market competition. These factors have varying consequences on employees’ job satisfaction, work commitment and workplace interest articulation. Market reform changed the social contract between the government and workers. It brought higher wages, but less security and more market whip. The changing social contract had a mixed effect on work satisfaction and commitment, and resulted in increased managerial authority and declining bargaining power among workers. Data are drawn from a 1991–1992 enterprise employee survey in 100 firms.     

The EU's policy towards China and the arms embargo

Since the rise of the “Middle Kingdom” in recent years most European leaders consider this major Asian power as the most important opportunity and challenge in the years to come, not only economically and commercially but also politically and strategically. The EU's China policy is promising, and EU–China ties have been smooth and comprehensive despite bilateral trade and human rights disputes. Concerning Cross Strait relations the domestic political development in Taiwan has a strong impact on the peace and stability in the region because Beijing has never renounced the use of force against the island in case of its formal independence. Given its large bilateral trade deficit, the EU's potential arms exports to China remain significant to the European countries. But this prospect aroused great concern from the US, Russia and Japan. Nonetheless, the Anti-Secession Law from Beijing against Taiwan in mid March 2005 and the likely change of government in the German elections in autumn 2005 on top of the failures of the constitutional referenda in France and the Netherlands in June 2005 will affect the EU decision on the embargo.