试论我国的社区矫正

社区矫正是社会文明发展到一定历史阶段的必然产物,也是社会不断进步、刑事政策日趋理性化的重要标志,它对于提高罪犯改造质量,预防和减少重新犯罪,促使其顺利回归、适应、融入社会生活等方面具有重大意义。然而,这项具有划时代意义的刑罚制度的改革和创新在我国尚属起步阶段,势必有大量的理论和实践中的问题需要探索和研究。因此,应认真总结试点工作中的经验与不足,学习和借鉴国外的有益经验并结合我国实际,逐步建立起一套具有中国特色、符合现代化行刑理念的社区矫正制度。     

长吉图先导区:探索沿边地区开发开放的新模式

国务院批准长吉图开发开放先导区,既是我国参与东北亚区域合作和进一步促进东北老工业基地振兴的新举措,同时也是我国创新沿边地区开发开放模式的新探索。从开发模式方面看,此举是将以往以边境城市为核心的据点式开发转变为沿边地区与内陆腹地的联动式开发的新探索;从开发内容方面看,此举是将以往以发展口岸经济为主转变为以产业综合开发和优化空间布局为主的新探索;从区域合作方面看,此举是将以往重点参与和推动国际合作转变为统筹国内与国际合作的新探索;从国际协调机制方面看,此举是将以往以地方合作为主转变为构建多层次合作平台的新探索。     

鹅IL-18基因的克隆和原核表达及其多克隆抗体的制备

参考GenBank中鸡、火鸡和鸭IL-18基因序列,设计了1对特异引物,以提取的鹅脾细胞总RNA为模板,应用RT-PCR扩增、克隆鹅IL-18基因中间的333bp序列。序列分析结果表明,其与鸭IL-18基因对应序列相似性最高,达99%。参考鸭IL-18全基因序列设计上、下游引物各3条,以梯度PCR探索扩增、克隆鹅IL-18全基因。以上述策略成功扩增、克隆了3个广东地方杂交品种鹅的IL-18基因。序列分析表明,这3个杂交品种鹅的IL-18基因序列一致,长642bp,含一个603bp的ORF,编码200个氨基酸,分子质量为23.2ku。ORFN端的30个氨基酸为前导序列,其余170个氨基酸为功能蛋白序列。在GenBank中注册了第一条鹅的IL-18基因序列,登录号为EF159728。随后,构建了鹅IL-18基因ORF的重组原核表达质粒pET-GIL-18,经诱导表达、纯化获得重组鹅IL-18融合蛋白,并以其制备了兔抗重组鹅IL-18多克隆抗体。     

论德川身份等级制中的“差别”现象

德川身份等级制既是统治秩序,又是职业体系。由于其在政治与经济领域、权力与财富领域的二元分离,使士、农、工、商四个等级间的差别与各等级内部的差别呈现出各不相同的特点。德川身份等级制具有浓厚的封建色彩,严重禁锢了人们的思想和行为,但它内部却酝酿着有利于社会发展的积极因素。     

Hospital management improvement in China

Hospitals in China, as in many parts of the world, are facing unprecedented changes. The situation in China may be more complicated than in some countries, because these changes are compounded by the influence of major changes in the macro-economic system as well. In response to this situation the Chinese Ministry of Public Health has launched a major initiative to strengthen the management of their hospitals. This article reports on the plan of action for management improvement in the areas of administrative training, management structure, staff motivation, information system, with emphasis on quality and inter-hospital cooperation. © 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Public Admin. Dev. Vol. 17 : 267–275 (1997). No. of Figures: 0. No. of Tables: 0. No. of Refs: 21.     

Explosion Scene Forensic Image Interpretation

Image interpretation is an important aspect in the field of forensic science; however, it is seldom reported how to use these techniques in explosion scene forensic investigations. On 12 August 2015, a series of explosions killed 165 people and injured hundreds more at a container storage station at the Port of Tianjin. In this study, we applied image interpretation methods to determine the seat of the explosion by analyzing low‐quality video clips of the event. The interpretation fits well with recently published standard operating procedures, including the hypothesis, evaluation, inference, and confirmation. Image processing was adopted to enhance the images while the explosion scene was reconstructed with the same images. Some important features were extracted and utilized to distinguish whether the flashes were caused by reflection or a real blast. We reveal the real explosion location, which guides the overall investigation. The results indicate that image interpretation is a powerful tool for forensic investigators to analyze low‐quality images in complicated explosions or fire accidents.     

The antecedents and innovation outcomes of firms’ absorptive capacity in global buyer–supplier relationships

This article seeks to address two fundamental questions: (1) Does social capital (SC) embedded in global buyer–supplier (GBS) relationships enhance local firms’ potential absorptive capacity (PAC) and realized absorptive capacity (RAC)? And (2) What are the effects of local firms’ PAC and RAC on their innovation outcomes? Based on survey data collected from 297 Chinese firms engaged in GBS cooperation in China’s Yangtze River Delta region, we test our research hypotheses with the structural equation modelling approach. The empirical findings indicate that both structural and relational SC are important antecedents of PAC and RAC in global buyer–supplier relationships. More specifically, RAC not only improves local suppliers’ new product performance, but also fully mediates the relationship between PAC and new product performance. Our results have two major implications for practicing managers. First, local suppliers in emerging economies need to pay more attention to SC embedded in GBS relationships for it is an important means for them to overcome resource constraints and therefore to improve their new product performance. Second, it is important for managers in local firms to continuously improve their PAC to better assess and assimilate external knowledge, and extend their RAC to upgrade their interpretation and comprehension of commercialization possibilities, which allows for generating synergy of knowledge recombination with existing core competencies.     

窖蛋白与不明原因心源性猝死的相关性研究进展

不明原因心源性猝死(unexpected sudden cardiac death,USCD)因其不伴有心脏结构的异常,尸体解剖呈阴性改变,一直是法医病理学鉴定的热点难题。USCD可能与部分致死性心律失常有关,该类心律失常多由心脏离子通道蛋白或其相关蛋白发生异常所致。窖蛋白可以通过其脚手架区域与多种心肌离子通道蛋白结合,在维持心肌动作电位的去极化和复极化中起到关键作用。当窖蛋白由于基因突变或蛋白表达异常等因素导致其结构和功能受到影响时,受其调控的心肌离子通道的功能也受到损害,继而引起多种离子通道病的发生,出现心律失常甚至心源性猝死。研究窖蛋白对离子通道功能的影响对于探索恶性心律失常及心源性猝死的发生机制具有重要意义。     

医疗损害救济的合同路径研究——兼与侵权路径比较

医疗损害救济偏重于侵权路径的研究,而忽略了对合同路径的研究。从实践人本医疗、做好医患双方的利益平衡等旨趣出发,合同路径更能体现私法自治的特点,能较为精细明确特定医疗服务中医患双方的权利义务,在个案中贯彻意思自由,同时还增强可预见性与合理期待,有利于定分止争、减少防御性医疗,促成医患双方的合作者格局;而作为事后调整方式的侵权路径却陷入规范失灵等问题,并不一定能很好地分担医疗风险、维护医患和谐。从宏观而言,应当重视医疗合同的功能与价值,正视医患关系的契约本质,保障患方的自决权和"行动者"地位,满足其差异化需求;从微观而言,应当厘清医疗损害救济的合同法路径,确立其优越地位,做好与侵权路径的契合互补。     

试论我国的宪法解释机构

<正> 有宪法,必然会有违宪,要解决违宪问题,就必须将宪法作为法律来适用,适用宪法要求进行宪法解释。宪法解释历来与司法审查(judicial review)或合宪性审查(constitutio-nal review)紧密相联,其含义为法院在具体案件的审理中,审查行政或立法机关的与案件相关的法律、法规、规章及其他行为的合宪性而对宪法所作的解释。宪法解释是连接宪法与违宪之间的一座重要桥梁。宪法解释机构是宪法解释制度之关键和核心(宪法解释的另外二个问题是宪法解释的标准和方式),宪法解释机构实质上为解决违宪问题的机构。