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Robert Kaiser 《Economic Change and Restructuring》2016,49(2-3):289-307
The article analyzes the institutional foundation of the innovativeness and competitiveness of two German industrial sectors, mechanical engineering and biotechnology. It applies a systemic innovation approach to identify what changes at the national and regional levels can explain why mechanical engineering has kept a competitive advantage for many decades while we can observe a dynamic catching-up process in biotechnology. Both sectors provide good examples of the reconfigurations that take place in national innovation systems in both territorial and functional terms. 相似文献
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Certain drivers of social and economic differences facilitate the reification of ethnic identity between so-called uplanders and lowlanders on Palawan Island in the Philippines. Drawing on case studies, in this paper we examine how two seemingly distinct social groups – Christian migrants and indigenous Tagbanua – use their respective positions in society to mark differences in ethnic identity and livelihoods. We then argue that as non-governmental organisations build on notions of indigeneity as a means to facilitate their programmes, they further reinforce how each group articulates difference. We demonstrate that the tendency of NGOs to construct and reify notions of indigeneity in support of land claims and conservation has in fact polarised ethnic differences and, in turn, reinforced inequality between each group. We conclude that although non-governmental organisations have tried to remedy social and economic disparities between social groups, their simplification of local ways of life reinforces stereotypes of these people and their land uses. 相似文献
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When and why are cabinet ministers forced out of office? We argue that ministerial resignations cannot be understood as mechanistic consequences of serious personal or departmental errors as the classical responsibility hypothesis implies. Rather, they follow a systematic political logic. Cabinet ministers have to resign whenever the prime minister perceives the political costs of a minister staying in office to be higher than the benefits of keeping the status quo. We test this argument with resignation events in Germany in the period 1969 to 2005. Based on detailed data collection, we find 111 resignation events, i.e. serious public discussions about a cabinet minister's future, 14 of which ended in resignation. These data are analysed employing statistical as well as Qualitative Comparative Analysis based on Boolean algebra to detect patterns of ministerial resignations. 相似文献
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This cross-temporal meta-analysis examined 6,120 American college students’ scores on the Belief in a Just World Scale (BJW;
Rubin and Peplau, J Soc Issues 31(3):65–90, 1975) across the last three and a half decades. Drawing on models of belief threat, we examined whether the causal relationship
between perceived injustice and increases in BJW could extend from the laboratory to society by using macro-economic injustice
trends to predict changes in BJW across these decades. Specifically, we hypothesized that perceptions of inequality, operationalized
as rising income disparities, would result in a greater need to justify this inequality and that this would be evidenced by
increased commitment to just world beliefs over time. Consistent with this prediction, BJW scores increased significantly
over time and this increase was positively related to increasing income disparities in society. Income inequality remained
a significant predictor of BJW scores even after controlling for additional factors of general income and political ideology.
Implications of increasing just world beliefs are discussed in terms of psychological and policy outcomes. 相似文献
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Christina Kaiser Beatrice Bachmeier Claudius Conrad Andreas Nerlich Hansjürgen Bratzke Wolfgang Eisenmenger Oliver Peschel 《Forensic science international》2008
In the past years, many publications about identification and sex-determination of dry human bones by means of DNA analysis have been published. However, few studies exist that investigate the potential use of DNA technique to determine the postmortem interval (PMI). In the present study we analyzed the rate of increasingly smaller fragments of chromosomal DNA and PMI. 相似文献
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Research suggests that victim cooperation is a strong predictor of arrest and prosecution in sexual assault cases. Relatively little research has focused on identifying the factors that shape the decision to cooperate and the research that does exist is largely atheoretical. We address these gaps by examining victim cooperation using a revised version of the focal concerns perspective. We use data on cases reported to law enforcement agencies in Los Angeles to estimate models using factors situated within three victim focal concerns—crime seriousness, costs of cooperation, and likelihood of conviction—for three stages of the case process. We supplement these results with qualitative data from police reports regarding the reasons why victims refused to cooperate. The findings of this study provide initial support for the theoretical development of victim cooperation using the focal concerns perspective and provide potential guidance to criminal justice practitioners on how to increase victim cooperation. 相似文献
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André Kaiser 《Politische Vierteljahresschrift》2007,48(1):119-135
Ohne Zusammenfassung 相似文献
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This experiment drew upon theoretical perspectives on group and system justification to examine whether exposure to media
coverage arguing that racism was responsible for the ineffective Hurricane Katrina disaster response affected White and Black
Americans’ intergroup attitudes. Consistent with a system justification perspective, Whites exposed to video clips arguing
that the hurricane Katrina disaster response was due to racism displayed greater racial ingroup attachment and ingroup love
compared to Whites exposed to videos conveying that the government’s incompetence was to blame for the disaster response.
In contrast, Blacks displayed strong levels of ingroup attachment and ingroup love across both video conditions. This research
highlights how insights from social psychology are valuable in understanding psychological responses to social justice-related
events, such as the tragic response to hurricane Katrina.
相似文献
Cheryl R. KaiserEmail: |
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