打破政策“黑箱”的制度设计——基于广州政策兑现实践的研究

如何打破政策“黑箱”是学界和社会关注的重要议题。以广州市政策兑现改革实践为例,探讨如何从制度设计层面来打开公共政策过程中的政策“黑箱”。研究发现,虽然公共政策过程是一个动态且复杂的过程,但是通过统筹政策制定和政策落地两端、主观要素客观化、模糊标准明确化、重塑政府流程等,能够形成确定的决策环境,控制非理性因素,约束自由裁量权,并压缩权力寻租空间,从而可以从源头消除政策“黑箱”的形成土壤。广州市政府政策兑现改革过程中,通过“输入—转化—输出”的制度框架设计,形成了从政策制定到政策执行再到政策结果与评估的政策闭环,并对政策兑现的相关责任单位、流程和时限都进行了严格把控,进而实现对政策“黑箱”内部决策要素的控制。从政策“黑箱”本身入手,破解政策“黑箱”难题,实现政策的阳光承诺和给付,最终形成极具特色和借鉴意义的广州模式。     

“互联网 +”时代外卖骑手薪酬探究

外卖骑手撑起整个"宅经济",但却身份不明,雇主不详。专送、外包、众包等模式将原本典型的劳动关系搅混,各用工主体试图回避劳动基准,模糊骑手薪酬,以计件制代替小时工资制,以用户评价主导业绩考核,以罚代管,肆意剥削压榨骑手。骑手薪酬设计弊端重重:劳动关系不明、社会保障缺位、用户评价失灵、企业处罚不当、计件薪酬粗暴。合理的薪酬制度是劳企和谐的基础,是提高劳动就业质量的前提。为改善行业混乱现状,政府应及时介入市场,厘清模糊不清的用工关系,适时出台行业管理标准,规范劳动定额管理,完善薪酬支付体系,保障骑手劳动权益,促进新业态良性发展。     

My Neighbor＇s American Kids

EVERY time we had dinner, I felt awkward when my Chinese morn repeatedly asked me to eat more. My mom in America would never push me like that. Finally I couldn＇t tolerate it anymore, so I asked why she did that. She told me it was because she loved me and really looked upon me as her own child, and she worried about whether I felt hungry. From that point I understood that Chinese people had led a poor life in the past. What worries parents most is whether their children have enough food. Although their lives have dramatically improved, they are used to voicing the old concerns. I still don＇t feel easy with constant requests to eat, but when my Chinese mom tries to persuade me to eat more, I always thank her with a smile instead of feeling angry.＂     

新失业国企工人“城市游民”趋势研究——以郑州市为例

本文通过对游民的发展历史和概念探讨,重新界定了城市游民。认为从基本生存状态和谋生方式来看,脱离国企后的新失业国企工人,"游"的特性较为显著,出现向"城市游民"的发展趋势。但由于市民身份的优势,其稳定性和安定性又是游民所不具备的,他们又具有重新稳定下来的可能。     

构建城乡一体化的党内激励关怀帮扶机制问题研究

构建城乡一体化的党员激励关怀帮扶机制,既有利于整合党在城乡地区的不同资源,缩小和消除城乡二元结构,维护社会稳定,又有利于进一步凝聚党心、坚强组织,不断巩固党的执政基础,提高党的执政能力。     

金融危机下大学生就业意愿的调查与分析

2008全球金融危机冷风劲吹,对中国实体经济的影响正日益凸显,尤其给大学生带来了巨大就业压力。采用问卷调查的方式,可以了解金融风暴中的大学生就业意愿,以及金融风暴给大学生就业意愿带来的影响,并在此基础上提出了一些思考和建议。     

中美新型大国关系的构建:基础与障碍——基于对外战略核心理念的分析

探讨中美之间新型大国关系必须关注中美外交战略的核心理念。中美两国外交战略的分歧源于核心理念的不同。美国的外交战略核心理念体现为"领导地位"和"伙伴关系",其目的是维持美国在全球的霸权;中国的外交战略核心理念则围绕"独立自主"和"相互依存"展开,其目的是成功实现和平崛起。以不同外交战略核心理念为基础的外交政策必然存在结构性矛盾与障碍。如何化解中美之间的战略矛盾,克服障碍,避免走中苏分裂的老路,是关乎中美新型大国关系能否成功构建的关键。     

Access and control of agro-biotechnology: Bt cotton,ecological change and risk in China

This article argues that if the introduction of genetically modified crops (GM crops) in developing countries is to be successful, we can and should not evade questions of access and control of technology. It implies probing into the experiences, perceptions and understanding of GM crops by the prime user: the farmer. Exactly in these respects the scholarly literature is remarkably silent. We know little about farmers' experiences and perceptions of GM crops' potential risks and benefits. This is evident when concentrating on a major GM crop – Bt cotton – and studying this in the context of China, its second largest producer in the world. Based on the results of a large survey, we demonstrate that Chinese farmers' awareness (‘having heard of’) and their understanding (‘being able to explain’) of Bt cotton is low. This may lead to ill-informed, distorted risk perceptions and a general inability to relate agricultural production problems to the specific nature of transgenic cotton cultivation. A great majority of the farmers find that the Chinese seed market was liberalised too early, in turn leading to a high incidence of ‘stealth transgenics’ or illegal seeds, the undermining of farmers' trust in private institutions, and a weakened biosafety regime. This finding points to the need for continued state intervention in the seed market, particularly in a developing context. Finally, we have discovered that farmers report a significantly lower reduction in pesticide use by Bt cotton than found in other studies. As suggested by recent research, we suspect that the higher pesticide use is necessary to control secondary pests – i.e. pests other than the cotton bollworm. We present empirical evidence that Chinese farmers perceive a substantive increase in secondary pests after Bt cotton was introduced.     

分权视野下的高校教代会建设

高校教代会建设是我国创建一流大学和实现大学自身发展的需要。然而在当前情况下,我国高校教代会却由于缺乏法律支撑,呈现出自身职权弱化,代表选举虚置,提案质量低下等一系列问题。新时期的教代会建设应以高校内部的分权制衡为破解思路,通过校级教代会分权行使高校民主权力,二级教代会分权行使自治权力和教代会自身制度建设与完善,来实现教代会自身的建设与发展,并最终促进我国高等教育事业的发展。     

我国现代服务产业发展现状及政策创新

新世纪是一个由新兴产业构成的时代,随着科技的迅猛发展,信息化成为时代的主流。知识产业、信息产业、现代服务产业相继得到大的发展,其实质也与传统产业有了很大差异。新形势下,中国产业发展机遇与挑战并存,政府应如何把握住第三产业发展的机会？首先,从观念上要纠正对服务行业的忽视与歧视;其次,尽快完善服务业发展市场,改革垄断行业;再次,要为服务业发展提供充足的人力资源。