Does Corruption Hinder Private Businesses? Leadership Stability and Predictable Corruption in China

We study whether corruption hinders businesses by investigating China's private enterprises, which have developed rapidly despite high corruption levels. We argue that a key factor determining the effects of corruption is corruption predictability, which is significantly influenced by government leadership stability. When the same leaders remain in major offices for long tenures, corruption is relatively predictable, reducing hindrance to businesses. When leaders change frequently, entrepreneurs need to constantly cultivate new connections with officials and face more uncertainty; therefore, corruption becomes a major obstacle. We conduct field interviews to explore channels through which leadership stability encourages predictable corruption. We also use the 2012 World Bank Enterprise Survey of Chinese private firms and develop a novel measure of leadership stability of the local Chinese government based on a self‐collected data set of municipal party committees to test our hypotheses. Results of various models are consistent with our hypotheses.     

Inter-regional diffusion of policy innovation in China: A comparative case study

Classic theoretical research on the diffusion of policy innovation is usually based on decentralized democratic regimes. However, in authoritarian centralized countries such as China, questions such as, ‘What are the driving forces and the structural dynamics behind local government policy innovation and inter-regional diffusion?’ and ‘How do the governmental structural factors lead to the different patterns of diffusion of policy innovation across local governments?’ are interesting research topics. The theoretical framework proposed in this study highlights the roles of the contingent vertical and horizontal governmental relations in innovation diffusion. I extract two key properties: vertical mandatory intervention from the central government and horizontal political competition among peer governments. This research uses four models to develop a new typology of the inter-regional diffusion of policy innovation in China: (1) the enlightenment model, (2) the championship model, (3) the designation model, and (4) the recognition model. A comparative case study is conducted in this research, with four policy cases showing that China has developed diversified mechanisms to encourage local governments to perform policy innovation and inter-regional diffusion.     

Compressed Development

In this paper we argue that the path of economic development for would-be developers has changed fundamentally since the 1980s. Focusing on East Asia, and taking a broad perspective that spans the economic and social dimensions of development, we contend that the path charted by the “late development” model has become all but impassible. The path is now better conceived as one of “compressed development.” Key differences are 1) the extent and consequences of compression; 2) the primary mode of engagement with the world economy—via global value chains; and 3) the interaction of these. Compressed development forces states to address a number of simultaneous challenges, resulting in “policy stretch.” We identify key features of an “adaptive state” suited to navigating the path of compressed development.     

政治文明的意识转向--从价值意识到问题意识

政治文明是一种相对的文明,世界上没有尽善尽美的政治,政治文明作为一种存在形态有其局限性,问题意识是推进政治文明不断发展的理性思维.从政治意识文明的角度研究社会主义政治文明在过去较为少有,希望拙作能有助于人们能从政治意识文明中的"价值意识"的长期纠缠中解脱,并对政治意识文明中的"问题意识"有清醒的认识和宽容的对待,因为"问题意识"本身可能蕴涵和还原出社会主义政治文明的应有境界.     

中美经济关系:金融危机的影响及后危机时代的走势

中美经济关系历经近30年的发展,形成了多方位、多层次的相互依存关系,由偏重于中国对美国单向依赖的不对称性向中美相互依赖的对称性转变,而发端于美国的金融危机加速了这一趋势。金融危机不仅使美国经济实力遭到重创,而且削弱了美国的国际经济地位;中国在经受金融危机冲击之后率先摆脱影响,不仅经济获得强劲发展,而且国际经济地位得到进一步提升。奥巴马政府上台后中美关系的加速升温和忽然变冷,正是中美经济关系的这种变化导致美国在心理上不能完全适应的一种反映。中美经济相互依存度的进一步提升,将促使中美经济关系必然要在矛盾和摩擦中不断扩展和深化。     

大国协调:21世纪大国关系的主旋律——兼论中国在大国协调中的作用

近代国际体系建立以来,大国始终占有独特的地位。特定历史时期大国的战略走向及其相互关系在某种程度上决定着人类的前途和命运。当今大国关系发生了重大变化,走向合作、协调是时代发展的主旋律。全球化的大背景下,国际形势的发展越来越把世界各大国拉到了一起,大国之间不应是敌人和对手,而应是合作共赢的伙伴。各大国唯有合作、协调,积极参与全球治理,方能应对共同面临的全球性问题。正在实现伟大民族复兴的中国将在国际舞台上扮演举足轻重的角色,在增进大国协调共创和谐世界的伟业中发挥独特的作用。     

低碳经济发展的政府应对之策：能力建设与管理变革

低碳经济是一次新的技术变革和产业革新,它将带来新一轮的全球竞争,只有积极发展低碳经济,才能避免在这场竞争中错失良机．增强经济竞争力。全球金融危机为我国向低碳经济转型．实现科学发展提供了契机,只有行动起来,实施“绿色新政”,进行政府管理的适应性变革,提高政府能力．才能更好地促进我国的可持续发展。     

Diplomatic and Security Strategies of the Obama Administration： Has the ＂Time of Change＂ Come？

It is of great significance to study the diplomacy and security strategies of the Obama administration which took office on 20th January 2009, not only because of the current global financial crisis but also because of Obama＇s ＂politics of change＂, a slogan raised by him in the campaign. How to lead America out of the seemingly ＂still deteriorating domestic financial and economic dilemma is not only the most important criterion for judging Obama＇s governance capability but also the biggest obstacle affecting the new Democrat administration＇s domestic and foreign policies. To analyze the adjustments of the Obama administration＇s foreign and security policies, we must focus our attention on how it will take corresponding measures to overcome the financial crisis and how to put its campaign slogan ＂politics of change＂ into practice. In retrospect of the Obama administration＇s first three-month performance, the ＂politics of change＂ promised by him has dramatically evolved into the ＂diplomacy of change＂ first. In the following sections, we will thoroughly analyze the trend of the new administration＇s diplomatic and security strategies on the basis of its first one-hundred-day performance.     

目前我国宏观调控的目标、重点及其相关政策的选择

近年来我国经济发展的总体态势出现了一些新情况、新问题、政府宏观调控的目标、重点和相关政策也发生了很大变化。针对这种情况，本通过大量的实证分析，阐明了当前我国通货紧缩现象不会持续，结构性失业问题明显突出，经济增长速度必须适度；揭示了我国宏观调控的重点及其主要方面应该放在优化结构上，而不能一味追求扩大需求；系统阐述了与宏观调控目标和重点相配合的有关政策措施的主要内容。     

美国文官制度的变革与思考

美国文官制度经历了从政党分肥制到现代功绩制的深刻变革，至1978年，卡特政府创建了高级文官制度，在政务官之下、普通文官之上设置高级文官阶层。高级文官作为连接政务官和普通文官的桥梁和纽带，突破了政治与行政的界限，将政治家和官僚的角色融为一体，扮演着既是领导者，又是管理者的角色，在联邦政府中起着承上启下的作用，全面提升了政府的政治和技术回应性。但高级文官中政治任命的非常任高级文官更换频繁，与竞争晋升的常任高级文官和普通文官之间，又产生了新的矛盾和冲突，造成政府优秀人才的流失。从历史的角度，认真总结美国文官制度变革的经验与教训，对于我国公务员制度建设，特别是高级公务员制度建设，具有重要意义。