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1.
Although narrative reviews have suggested that "youth psychopathy" is a strong predictor of future crime and violence, to date no quantitative summaries of this literature have been conducted. We meta-analyzed recidivism data for the Psychopathy Checklist measures across 21 non-overlapping samples of male and female juvenile offenders. After removing outliers, psychopathy was significantly associated with general and violent recidivism (r (w)'s of .24 and .25, respectively), but negligibly related to sexual recidivism in the few studies examining this low base rate outcome. Even after eliminating outliers, however, considerable heterogeneity was noted among the effects, with some of this variability being explained by the gender and ethnic composition of the samples. Effect sizes for the small number of female samples available for analysis were mostly small and nonsignificant, and psychopathy was a weaker predictor of violent recidivism among more ethnically heterogeneous samples. In relation to predicting both general and violent recidivism, psychopathy performed comparably to an instrument designed specifically to assess risk, the Youth Level of Service/Case Management Inventory (Hoge & Andrews, 2002). 相似文献
2.
This study examined the relationship between psychopathy and malingering in a subsample of male prison inmates (n = 55) participating in a larger study of the clinical utility of various assessment measures in correctional settings. Participants' capacity to feign major mental illness successfully was evaluated using standard cutoff scores for the detection of malingering on a variety of instruments, including the Structured Inventory of Malingered Symptomatology (SIMS; G. P. Smith & G. O. Burger, 1997), the Structured Interview of Reported Symptoms (SIRS; R. Rogers, R. M. Bagby, & S. E. Dickens, 1992), and the Personality Assessment Inventory (PAI; L. Morey, 1991). Psychopathic traits were assessed via the Psychopathic Personality Inventory (PPI; S.O. Lilienfeld & B. P. Andrews, 1996). Correlations between the malingering indices and the PPI were low (–.14 to .14) and not statistically significant. These findings fail to support the clinical intuition that individuals with higher levels of psychopathy are likely to be more adept at malingering. 相似文献
3.
Evaluation of families for purposes of assisting the court in making decisions about custody is perhaps the most complicated forensic evaluation. Mental health professionals conducting such evaluations must ensure that their evaluations validly assess areas of concern deemed relevant by the judiciary and legislature. Evaluators sometimes use psychological measures in the evaluation process, and in recent years, a number of tests designed specifically for use in child custody evaluation contexts have been developed. Because some published tests do not meet basic professional standards, child custody evaluators should carefully review any test and its supporting documentation before including it in their examination procedures. In this article, the authors discuss the rationale for using psychological tests in child custody evaluations, describe current testing practices, review and critique contemporary custody evaluation instruments, and offer a template for mental health professionals to use when considering use of a particular test. 相似文献
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The recent introduction of the Psychopathy Checklist-Revised (PCL-R) into the sentencing phase of capital murder trials has heightened concerns about the potentially prejudicial impact of such information on jurors, who might give disproportionate weight to this diagnosis when determining whether a defendant is a “continuing threat to society”. To investigate this issue, 238 undergraduates read a case summary based on US v. Barnette ( ), in which prosecution testimony was presented regarding the presence of a mental disorder (psychopathy, psychosis, or no disorder). Compared to the “no disorder” condition, participants rated psychopathic defendants as more likely to be violent in the future, even though testimony related to level of risk (high or low) was held constant. The difference in perceived dangerousness across the psychopathy and no disorder groups was particularly pronounced when the experts described the defendant as being at low risk. A similar pattern of effects was noted for the psychosis condition, suggesting that the impact of mental disorder testimony on perceptions of dangerousness may not necessarily be specific to the PCL-R. 相似文献
6.
Several recent studies have examined the taxometric status of psychopathic and antisocial traits in adult samples, almost
all of which have supported a dimensional model. The three studies examining whether psychopathic traits among youths are
best conceptualized as a discrete latent class (or taxon) or as a dimensional construct, however, have provided conflicting
results. In a sample of 723 delinquent youths who completed two self-report measures of psychopathic traits, results across
taxometric procedures provided uniform support for a dimensional model. Additionally, analyses comparing putative dichotomous
and dimensional classification models in terms of predicting relevant criterion measures (e.g., delinquent behavior, substance
abuse, and hostility) indicated superior validity for the dimensional model. Implications for research, policy, and practice
are reviewed. 相似文献
7.
The Psychopathic Personality Inventory (PPI; S. O.Lilienfeld & B. P. Andrews, 1996) is a self-report test that has shown considerable promise as a screening measure for psychopathy. A current limitation of the PPI is that no data exist regarding the impact of response sets such as positive impression management. Although the PPI contains a validity scale (Unlikely Virtues) designed to identify response biases such as faking good, its utility has not yet been assessed. In this study a repeated measures analogue design was employed in which 186 respondents completed the PPI both under standard conditions and with specific instructions to create a favorable impression of themselves. In the fake good condition, participants were able to appear significantly less psychopathic, with those who obtained higher scores in the standard instruction condition showing the largest decreases in their PPI scores. Receiver Operating Characteristic analyses indicated that, although the Unlikely Virtues scale significantly differentiated between fake good and honest protocols (area under the curve = .73), a considerable number of misclassifications occurred. The clinical and forensic implications of these findings are discussed. 相似文献
8.
Jacqueline K. Buffington-Vollum John F. Edens Andrea Keilen 《Journal of Police and Criminal Psychology》2008,23(1):16-22
The (Sorensen and Pilgrim, An actuarial risk assessment of violence posed by capital murder defendants. J Crim Law Criminol
90:1251–1270, 2000) actuarial model was developed to predict institutional violence among life-sentenced murderers. However, despite its presentation
at capital sentencing, the model has not been validated on death row inmates specifically. This study examined the association
between Sorensen and Pilgrim model scores and five types of institutional violence (serious assaults, minor assaults, verbal
assault/threats, prison order offenses, and non-violent infractions) among a sample of 155 individuals who had been incarcerated
on death row in Texas. Results revealed that risk scores performed better for non-violent infractions than for serious assaults,
calling into question the utility of this measure for capital sentencing evaluations.
相似文献
Jacqueline K. Buffington-VollumEmail: |
9.
Examining the Role of Static and Dynamic Risk Factors in the Prediction of Inpatient Violence: Variable- and Person-Focused Analyses 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Although the construct of psychopathy is related to community violence and recidivism in various populations, empirical evidence suggests that its association with institutional aggression is weak at best. The current study examined, via both variable-level and group-level analyses, the relationship between standard violence risk instruments, which included a measure of psychopathy, and institutional violence. Additionally, the incremental validity of dynamic risk factors also was examined. The results suggest that PCL-R was only weakly related to institutional aggression and only then when the behavioral (Factor 2) aspects of the construct were examined. The clinical and risk management scales on the HCR-20, impulsivity, anger, and psychiatric symptoms all were useful in identifying patients at risk for exhibiting institutional aggression. These data suggest that factors other than psychopathy, including dynamic risk factors, may be most useful in identifying forensic patients at higher risk for exhibiting aggression. 相似文献
10.
Douglas KS Lilienfeld SO Skeem JL Poythress NG Edens JF Patrick CJ 《Law and human behavior》2008,32(6):511-525
Offenders with antisocial traits are relatively likely to attempt suicide, largely because they are more likely to have high
negative emotionality and low constraint. Among 682 male offenders, we tested whether negative emotionality, low constraint,
and also substance use problems mediated any relationship between antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) and psychopathy on
the one hand, and suicide-related behavior (SRB) and ideation on the other. ASPD and the impulsivity/lifestyle features of
psychopathy weakly predicted SRB. High negative emotionality and low constraint (but not substance use) mediated the relation
between ASPD and SRB. Impulsivity/lifestyle features of psychopathy retained an independent predictive effect. Self-report
psychopathy measures added unique predictive variance to the Psychopathy Checklist—Revised. We discuss implications for suicide
risk assessment and prevention.
相似文献
Kevin S. DouglasEmail: |