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This experiment examined whether jury-eligible community members (N = 223) were able to detect internally invalid psychological science presented at trial. Participants read a simulated child
sexual abuse case in which the defense expert described a study he had conducted on witness memory and suggestibility. We
varied the study’s internal validity (valid, missing control group, confound, and experimenter bias) and publication status
(published, unpublished). Expert evidence quality ratings were higher for the valid versus missing control group version only.
Publication increased ratings of defendant guilt when the study was missing a control group. Variations in internal validity
did not influence perceptions of child victim credibility or police interview quality. Participants’ limited detection of
internal validity threats underscores the need to examine the effectiveness of traditional legal safeguards against junk science
in court and improve the scientific reasoning ability of lay people and legal professionals. 相似文献
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Kathleen E. McAuliff Caroline Antler 《Journal of prevention & intervention in the community》2013,41(1):36-44
The current study compared perceptions on self-report measures of university mission identity and social justice attitudes between general university students (151 women, 63 men; M age = 19.72, SD = 1.91) and campus ministry students (64 women, 24 men; M age = 19.85, SD = 1.71). Results demonstrated that campus ministry students scored significantly higher on each of four social justice and global/urban engagement subscales. Implications suggest that perceptions of university mission-identity are linked to social justice attitudes, yet campus ministry students compared to regular student samples may be linked to a stronger emphasis on social justice through campus activity. 相似文献
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This experiment examined whether different quantifications of the same damage award request (175,000 lump sum,175,000 lump sum, 10/hour,
240/day,240/day, 7300/month for 2 years) influenced pain and suffering awards compared to no damage award request. Jury-eligible
community members (N = 180) read a simulated personal injury case in which defendant liability already had been determined. Awards were: (1) larger
for the 10/hour and10/hour and 175,000 conditions than the 7300/month and control conditions and (2) more variable for the7300/month and control conditions and (2) more variable for the 10/hour
condition than the $7300/month and control conditions. No differences emerged on ratings of the parties, their attorneys,
or the difficulty of picking a compensation figure. We discuss the theoretical implications of our data for the anchoring
and adjustment literature and the practical implications for legal professionals. 相似文献
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Kathleen E. McAuliff Shannon M. Williams 《Journal of prevention & intervention in the community》2013,41(4):244-254
We examined perceptions on school sense of community and social justice attitudes among undergraduates (N = 427; 308 women, 115 men; M age = 19.72, SD = 1.91), and how year in school and club membership affected these constructs. Results demonstrated that involvement with a greater number of clubs was associated with having a stronger school sense of community and more positive social justice attitudes. Multiple regression analyses demonstrated that year in school did not significantly predict social justice attitudes. Results suggested that greater involvement and sense of school belonging might be linked to social justice attitudes. 相似文献
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This study examined the ability of jury-eligible community members (N = 248) to detect internal validity threats in psychological science presented during a trial. Participants read a case summary
in which an expert testified about a study that varied in internal validity (valid, missing control group, confound, and experimenter
bias) and ecological validity (high, low). Ratings of expert evidence quality and expert credibility were higher for the valid
versus missing control group versions only. Internal validity did not influence verdict or ratings of plaintiff credibility
and no differences emerged as a function of ecological validity. Expert evidence quality, expert credibility, and plaintiff
credibility were positively correlated with verdict. Implications for the scientific reasoning literature and for trials containing
psychological science are discussed. 相似文献
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Nancy W. Perry Bradley D. McAuliff Paulette Tam Linda Claycomb Colleen Dostal Cameron Flanagan 《Law and human behavior》1995,19(6):609-629
This study assessed the impact of some complex question forms frequently used by attorneys who examine and cross-examine witnesses in the courtroom. Fifteen males and 15 females from each of four student populations (kindergarten, fourth grade, ninth grade, and college) viewed a videotaped incident and then responded to questions about the incident. Half the questions were asked in “law-yerese” (i.e., using complex question forms); the remaining half asked for the same information using simply phrased question forms of the same length. Lawyerese confused children, adolescents, and young adults alike. Questions that included multiple parts with mutually exclusive responses were the most difficult to answer; those that included negatives, double negatives or difficult vocabulary also posed significant problems. Results suggest that complex question forms impede truth-seeking and should be prohibited in court. 相似文献
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