RULEMAKING POSSIBILITIES: EFFORTS OF THE UNITED STATES JUDICIAL CONFERENCE ADVISORY COMMITTEE ON EVIDENCE RULES TO ADDRESS THE CHALLENGES TO FORENSIC EXPERT TESTIMONY

This piece is an echo to one of the main subjects of the Sixth International Conference on Evidence Law and Forensic Science which is to determine what evidentiary reforms are necessary for regulating forensic expert testimony, and how those reforms might be implemented. In United States, the predominant way of evidentiary reform is through rulemaking. As the Reporter of Judicial Conference Advisory Committee on the Federal Rules of Evidence since 1996, the author, with a pragmatic spirit throughout the article, examines such an effort at the federal level of U.S. in six parts (levels), starting from the most general, abstract level till finishing with the most detailed and substantive points. Part I begins with a brief introduction of the hierarchies of evidentiary rulemaking authorities at the federal level of the United States, various interested groups and their interesting interactions in the rulemaking process. The author then shifts to the general topic of writing rules with a specific focus on the level of detail that is to be provided in doing so; Part II further narrows down the scrutiny into writing a rule on forensic expert testimony with an emphasis on the necessity of making such a rule change to the current general standards of FRE; Part III directly addresses the challenges of drafting a rule on forensic evidence in FRE, including a comparation of various alternative drafting models; Part IV and Part V respectively discusses the Reporter’s comments and the Justice Department’s concerns over the drafted rules; and Part VI briefly discusses the feasibility and effectiveness of a Best Practices Manual on forensic evidence in lieu of rulemaking.     

From the Mauritius China Friendship and Cultural Association

Excellency, On the occasion of the fortieth anniversary of the establishment of the Chinese People's Association for Friendship with Foreign Countries (CPAFFC), it gives me tremendous pleasure to express, in my own name and on behalf of our Association, my warmest congratulations for the long devoted contribution you have been making for the promotion of friendship between the peo-     

免疫鼠血清中曼氏血吸虫抗原特异性的独特型抗体的检测

本实验证实了三株曼氏血吸虫抗原特异性的单抗各识别一个特异的抗原表位。采用ELISA竞争法显示了辐照致弱尾蚴免疫鼠和正常尾蚴免疫鼠血清中保护性单抗D_6的含量与尾蚴抗原特异性的总IgG水平相关,而非保护性单抗N_(122)则无关。两种免疫鼠血清中血吸虫尾蚴抗原特异性的总IgG水平变化不一致,但从免疫后第1至第6周,两种免疫鼠血清中保护性单抗D_6的含量却很接近。本实验的结果从克隆水平说明体液免疫应答在血吸虫病的免疫抗性中起着一定的作用,同时也为解释辐照尾蚴免疫鼠模型的免疫机理提供一些有关体液免疫方面的实验依据。     

国家在经济转型中的作用(上) --俄中经济转型经验比较

2004年10月24日,美国著名马克思主义经济学家和苏联问题专家大卫·M.科茨(著名著作《来自上层的革命》的作者)应邀到《国外理论动态》杂志社讲演,并将题为《国家在经济转型中的作用--俄中经济转型经验比较》的英文待刊文章交付我刊翻译发表。该文比较了俄罗斯新自由主义转型战略和中国国家指导型转型战略,从中得出这样的结论:新自由主义是一种完全失败的转型战略,而中国的转型经验则有很多值得借鉴的地方,这包括长期推迟国有大企业的私有化、国家持续控制银行系统、国家控制跨国贸易和资本流动、政府加大对基础设施和国有企业等的投资等。但作者也指出,在向市场转型过程中,中国社会内部也可能诞生一个富裕的精英阶层,该阶层将力图把中国的改革转向新自由主义,以便在放任的经济环境中大发其财。如果中国顶不住这个压力,中国将面临比俄罗斯更坏的结局:中国的经济和社会将崩溃,中国在世界格局中将被长期锁定为一个提供原料和廉价劳动力的国家。现将该文全译如下。     

嗜酒者与正常人体内乙醇类物质的排泄

<正> 德意志联邦共和国的法医学者经常要鉴定与酒精相关的犯罪;交通事故等案件。因此,酒精及酒精中毒就成为法医学研究的最重要课题之一。我们设想慢性酒精中毒不仅由乙醇,亦可由同类的醇物质而引起,它们可见于各种酒精饮料。我们的报告“关于杂醇酒精的药理动力学”,它的资料主要是从健康人的自愿饮酒实验而获得的。部分资料表明长期慢性滥用洒精饮料,其排泄动力学可有所改变。因此,将嗜洒者的甲醇、乙醇及丙醇的排泄动力学,与做     

大坂市南部地区杀人案件的统计评价

<正> 大坂市立医科大学法医教室成立于1957年。它承担大坂市南部六个地区即大坂市的三分之一的法医检验和剖验工作,从1959年到1987年12月,共检验和剖验了2512例,并且对每天     

药物与驾驶能力

<正> 在过去20年中,在联邦德国发现药品消耗量大大增加,但是对司机摄入程度的情况知道很少。对由于服用药品造成的车祸所占比例知道的也同样少。在出现车祸的情况下,除非警察发现有酗酒或动作失常或呆滞表现,一般并不是固定取血和尿样。对于有驾驶执照的人并没有定期进行检查的强制规定。我们对酒醉后驾车司机的尿样(N=256)进行了调查。我们发现了37％的药物主要具有催眠和镇静效果。在另一次研究中,我们从特定一组司机那里     

嬉皮士 易比士 雅皮士

嬉皮士(Hippies)——这一术语于20世纪60年代使用,描述那些拒绝既定的价值观和习俗以及寻求表达“自由爱情”的自然本性和直率个人关系的青年人。嬉皮士身着奇装异服并佩带花朵、珠子和铃铛等装饰品。他们服用致幻剂,被称为“花儿少年(flower childern)”。许     

Promoting People-to-People Friendship Between Bangladesh and China

Background of Friendship People's Republic of Bangladesh and People'sRepublic of China are two neighbouring countriesgeographically close to one another. Spiritual andcultural contacts and mutual relationship betweenthe two countries exist for more than a thousand