Fatal MDMA-intoxication with postmortem diagnosis of hyperthermia

Hyperthermia is one of the main symptoms of the toxic MDMA effect. In a fatal intoxication, the premortal increase in body temperature may lead to a false assessment of the time of death. The problems of drug-induced hyperthermia faced by forensic pathologists and criminal investigators are discussed on the basis of a death from the autopsy material of the Berlin Institute of Legal Medicine (CCM).     

An extreme case of undoing and posing in a case of murder-suicide. A forensic pathological approach to crime scene investigation

A 7-year-old boy was killed by his father by manual strangulation during a murder-suicide. After the killing of the son, the father showed typical "undoing" behaviour: He changed the boy's clothes and laid him down on the bed. Then he placed candles around his head, put pictures of the parents' wedding around him and a crucifix and a picture of the family into his hands. He broke off a rose in a vase next to the bed, lit the candles and took photographs of his dead son. Later he called his wife, threatened to kill the son and finally called the police to confess the murder and to announce his forthcoming suicide.     

Methyl 3-[3',4'-(methylenedioxy)phenyl]-2-methyl glycidate: an ecstasy precursor seized in Sydney, Australia

Five 44 gallon drums labeled as glycidyl methacrylate were seized by the Australian Customs Service and the Australian Federal Police at Port Botany, Sydney, Australia, in December 2004. Each drum contained a white, semisolid substance that was initially suspected to be 3,4-methylenedioxymethylamphetamine (MDMA). Gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC/MS) analysis demonstrated that the material was neither glycidyl methacrylate nor MDMA. Because intelligence sources employed by federal agents indicated that this material was in some way connected to MDMA production, suspicion fell on the various MDMA precursor chemicals. Using a number of techniques including proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy ((1)H NMR), carbon nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy ((13)C NMR), GC/MS, infrared spectroscopy, and total synthesis, the unknown substance was eventually identified as methyl 3-[3',4'(methylenedioxy)phenyl]-2-methyl glycidate. The substance was also subjected to a published hydrolysis and decarboxylation procedure and gave a high yield of the MDMA precursor chemical, 3,4-methylenedioxyphenyl-2-propanone, thereby establishing this material as a "precursor to a precursor."     

A study to narrow down the time when a hyoid bone fracture was sustained

An unstable hyoid bone that can be loosely moved during autopsy is initial reason to suspect trauma to the neck. The question to be answered is whether the increased mobility is due to incomplete ossification of the hyoid, a postmortem injury (damage), or an ante-mortem injury, possibly related to the cause of death. This is the first study to systematically assess whether stereomicroscopic examinations and flat-panel CT-scans of isolated, unstable hyoid bones can add information to the macroscopic examination by helping to determine when the instability arose. Sixteen isolated hyoid bones (8 female, 8 male; 4-87 years-old) were examined after being macerated. Four of the hyoid bones were already classified as unstable during autopsy. Of the other 12, 7 were fractured immediately after autopsy before being macerated, and 5 were fractured after being macerated. There were, in total, six different diagnostic constellations. Stereo-microscopic examination did not yield additional information compared with the macroscopic examination. Flat-panel CT allowed distinction between an incomplete ossification of the hyoid and a fracture, but did not help in determining whether the fracture had been sustained peri- or postmortem.     

美国印第安学校中学女生的未来——基于"可能自我"的个案研究

本质化研究以美国中学的四位印第安女生为个案,重点阐释了她们的中学课堂受教经历对其今后成长的影响。本文采用可能自我理论,对访谈资料进行了审视和分析,所涉主题包括学校问题、教师、关系的重要性及未来计划这样四大方面。结果表明,可能自我理论有助于人们理解这些中学女生是怎样看待她们自己和筹划她们未来的,同时也为解决和预防中学生的辍学问题,提供了一种可能的路径。     

论涵括（一）：一种初步探索

经验法则是司法证明中的一项基础性法则,大陆法系司法证明理论对其进行了概括论述,其理论形态具有较高的概括性、抽象性。英美国家的司法证明学者在“涵括”概念下也具体探讨了经验法则相关的内容,与大陆法系学者对经验法则的概括论述有所区别,英美学者在阐述“涵括”理论时,更注重其在证据能力和证明力评断以及具体司法推论过程中的方法论和工具作用,为我们研究经验法则的内容、作用机制提供了一个新的观察视角。     

法律的双重性质

@@ 法律有一种双重性质(a dual nature),这就是我欲阐释的论点.双重性质论主张,法律必然同时包含了现实的(real)或事实的(factual)维度和理想的(ideal)或批判的(criti-cal)维度.在法律的定义中,事实的维度由权威颁布和社会实效的要素所代表,而理想的维度则可以在道德正确的要素中发现.权威颁布和社会实效都是社会事实.     

论法文化视域下藏族传统法律文化在中国传统法律文化中的价值与地位

法文化视域下的藏族传统法律文化是整个中华法文化与藏族文化不可分割的重要组成部分,是博爱的伦理判断、约定俗成的风俗习惯、全民信仰藏传佛教与对青藏高原的社会态度等有机结合的生活方式的总和,体现了藏文化的博大精深和藏族传统法律制度的精髓与核心。代表中华法系的中国传统法文化是以儒家伦理思想为主导法源的中原传统法律思想与各种法律制度的总称,法文化视域下的中华法系源远流长,诸法合体,体系独特,内容丰富,是世界法文化的重要组成部分且影响深远。站在中国法治建设新的历史起点上,深入研究这些本土性传统法文化,不仅对现阶段藏区社会的稳定发展有所裨益,而且对发展社会主义民族立法,促进民族区域自治法的有效实施,丰富中国法文化的研究内容和范围,推动21世纪的中国法治建设等都具有举足轻重的意义。     

PowerPlex(R) 16 HS系统直接扩增法检测常见检材的DNA

目的研究PowerPlex 16 HS系统直接扩增法对血样、口腔拭子和烟蒂3种常见检材的有效性。方法采用PowerPlex 16 HS系统对11份新鲜血样、10份口腔拭子和10份烟蒂样本进行直接扩增检测,对所得数据进行统计分析。结果新鲜血样和口腔拭子的完整遗传图谱检测成功率为100%,烟蒂样本的完整遗传图谱检测成功率为90%。结论 PowerPlex 16 HS系统直接扩增法是一种适用于血样、口腔拭子和烟蒂3种常见检材的有效方法。     

证据法、诉讼法和实体法的关系？

我昨天给大家概述了证据法的许多基础性问题,这些问题是构建一部理性证据法所需考虑和安置的问题。今天,我将通过对证据法、诉讼法与实体法之间关系的考察,对昨天简要触及的一些问题做深入讲解。