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61.
Abigail M. Judge Rebecca Bailey JoAnn Behrman‐Lippert Elizabeth Bailey Cynthia Psaila Jane Dickel 《Family Court Review》2016,54(2):232-249
The existing literature on abduction reunification is limited and evolving. Although guidelines for model service approaches exist, few programs address the unique challenges of reunifying children and families following abduction. This article delineates a family‐based reunification model that has assisted families affected by abduction since 2006. Model components include a team‐centered approach, a stage‐oriented reunification process, and pitfalls and strategies related to intersystem collaboration. We present the value of a family‐systems, solution‐focused, trauma‐informed, and case‐specific approach to therapeutic reunification following child abduction. Evidence that is contrary to the popular notion of Stockholm's syndrome is also marked. Research on the efficacy of therapeutic reunification is essential for the growth of systems equipped to address the dynamic needs of these families. Accordingly, suggestions for evaluation research are proposed. 相似文献
62.
Although developmental theory predicts that adolescent romantic relationships have important benefits, empirical evidence
suggests that they may also carry substantial psychosocial risk. This study uses data from 4,948 respondents (50% female)
in Wave I and Wave II of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health to examine the association between involvement
with an older romantic partner and depressive symptoms during adolescence. Ordinary least squares regression models compared
Wave II depressive symptoms among respondents with older partners (defined as an age difference of 2 or more years) to respondents
with same-age or younger partners, controlling for baseline depressive symptoms and sociodemographic characteristics. Ten
percent of females and two percent of males reported having an older romantic partner at Wave II. Among females only, involvement
with an older romantic partner was associated with a modest but significant increase in depressive symptoms between waves.
This association was largely mediated by increases in substance use. Findings suggest that involvement with an older male
partner during adolescence may increase the risk of poor emotional outcomes among females. 相似文献
63.
Abigail A. Fagan M. Lee Van Horn J. David Hawkins Thomas Jaki 《Journal of Quantitative Criminology》2013,29(3):347-368
Objective
Social control theory assumes that the ability of social constraints to deter juvenile delinquency will be invariant across individuals. This paper tests this hypothesis and examines the degree to which there are differential effects of parental controls on adolescent substance use.Methods
Analyses are based on self-reported data from 7,349 10th-grade students and rely on regression mixture models to identify latent classes of individuals who may vary in the effects of parental controls on drug use.Results
All parental controls were significantly related to adolescent drug use, with higher levels of control associated with less drug use. The effects of instrumental parental controls (e.g., parental management strategies) on drug use were shown to vary across individuals, while expressive controls (e.g., parent/child attachment) had uniform effects in reducing drug use. Specifically, poor family management and more favorable parental attitudes regarding children’s drug use and delinquency had stronger effects on drug use for students who reported greater attachment to their neighborhoods, less acceptance of adolescent drug use by neighborhood residents, and fewer delinquent peers, compared to those with greater community and peer risk exposure. Parental influences were also stronger for Caucasian students versus those from other racial/ethnic groups, but no differences in effects were found based on students’ gender or commitment to school.Conclusions
The findings demonstrate support for social control theory, and also help to refine and add precision to this perspective by identifying groups of individuals for whom parental controls are most influential. Further, they offer an innovative methodology that can be applied to any criminological theory to examine the complex forces that result in illegal behavior. 相似文献64.
Abstract Two experiments examined the efficacy of an optional deadline lineup procedure for distinguishing correct from incorrect eyewitness identification decisions. The procedure involved briefly presenting the lineup, removing the lineup from view, then giving participants the option of either making an identification decision or viewing the lineup again. When compared with participants operating under a forced deadline (i.e. forced to respond after the brief presentation) or standard lineup instructions, the optional deadline procedure identified participants with an impressive probability of having made a correct identification when used with target-present lineups and biased instructions. With unbiased instructions, the optional deadline produced clear discrimination between correct and incorrect identification decisions for choosers and, importantly, also for non-choosers. Possible strategies for improving the efficacy of the procedure are suggested. 相似文献
65.
66.
Aylin Yalçın Sarıbey Ph.D. Abigail Grace Hannam M.Sc 《Journal of forensic sciences》2013,58(1):146-150
Abstract: Firearms identification is based on the fundamental principle that it is impossible to manufacture two identical items at the microscopic level. As firearm manufacturing technologies and quality assurance are improving, it is necessary to continually challenge this principle. In this study, two different makes of 7.65 mm Browning/.32 Automatic caliber self‐loading pistols of Turkish manufacture were selected and examined. Ten pistols with consecutive serial numbers were examined and each fired 10 times. The fired cartridge cases were recovered for comparison purposes. It was found that for each make of pistol, the individual characteristics within the firing pin impression, ejector, and breech face marks of all 10 pistols were found to be significantly different. 相似文献
67.
Reviewed by Richard English 《Terrorism and Political Violence》2013,25(1):120-124
Approaches to terrorism and peacebuilding have a complex relationship with each other, which may be explained according to four categories outlined in this article. These range from blocking each others’ aims, nullifying terrorism, supporting a very limited, or a broader peace process. Each of these categories has implications for the inclusion and reconciliation of a wide range of actors and the hybrid nature of the emerging peace. This relates to the critical approach of using theory to create emancipatory forms of peace, which is used as a basis for the examination of the production of hybridity via the interaction of approaches to terrorism and peacebuilding in five cases in this article. These include Sri Lanka, Kashmir, the Middle East, Nepal, and Northern Ireland. We argue that “post-liberal” possibilities for a hybrid form of peace (which are inherent in such conflicts) offer a “post-terrorist” potential for peace processes. 相似文献
68.
This paper argues that most conceptualizations of citizenship limit the purview of the discourse to static categories. ‘Citizenship’ is commonly seen as an ideal type, presuming a largely legal relationship between an inidividual and a single nationstate - more precisely only one type of nation-state, the advanced capitalist postwar model. Alternatively, we suggest a re-conceptualization of citizenship as a negotiated relationship, one which is subject therefore to change, and acted upon collectively within social, political and economic relations of conflict. This dynamic process of negotiation takes place within a context which is shaped by gendered, racial and class structures and ideologies; it also involves international hierarchies among states. Citizenship is therefore negotiated on global as well as national levels. This conceptualization is demonstrated by way of identifying one particular set of experiences of negotiated citizenship, involving foreign domestic workers in Canada. As non-citizens originating from Third World conditions, this is a case involving women of colour workers, highly prone to abusive conditions, and under the direction of employers who are more affluent First World citizens and predominantly white women. Original survey data based on interviews with Caribbean and Filipino domestic workers in Canada are used to demonstrate the varied, creative and effective strategies of two distinctive groups of non-citizens as they attempt to negotiate citizenship rights in restrictive national and international conditions. 相似文献
69.
Legislative statutes are passed by political majorities which support structures that insulate the implementing agency from its political opponents over time. Political actors also respond to different constituencies. Depending on the broad or narrow base of these constituencies, actors favor different kinds of governance structures. We apply this theoretical framework to the question of whether the state governance structures of boards of higher education affect the way university managers allocate resources, develop sources of revenue, and promote research and undergraduate education. Over the past two decades state governments have given considerable attention to state governance issues, resulting in many universities operating in a more regulated setting today. This paper develops a classification of higher education structures and shows the effects of differences in these structures on university management and performance using a data set that covers the period from 1987 to 1998. The analysis suggests that, for most of the measures, productivity and resources are higher at universities with a statewide board that is more decentralized and has fewer regulatory powers. © 2004 by the Association for Public Policy Analysis and Management. 相似文献
70.
Abigail Gosselin 《Human Rights Review》2006,8(1):35-52
Many rights theorists argue that global poverty violates certain human rights, so that responsibility to address poverty involves
carrying out the duties that correspond with relevant rights-claims. Liberatirians argue that the rights and duties associated
with global poverty, especially what are sometimes thought of as “positive” rights, or rights of assistance, are inappropriately
agent-neutral, giving them less justificatory force than agent-relative rights and duties. To counter libertarian concerns,
Thomas Pogge tries to reframe the responsibilities corresponding to human rights as institutional rather than as belonging
to agents. While admirable, his approach inadequately expalains the relationships between institutional responsibility and
individual and collective action. A better way to respond to libertarian concerns—that is also compatible with Pogge’s emphasis
on institutional responsibility—is to show that the duties regarding global poverty are indeed agent-relative, but by virtue
of individual and collective action within institutions. 相似文献